Usefulness of Imaging Techniques in the Diagnosis of Selected Injuries and Lesions of the Canine Tarsus. A Review

Abako, Justyna; Holak, Piotr; Głodek, Joanna; Zhalniarovich, Y.

doi:10.3390/ani11061834

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Radiography is a first-line imaging diagnostic tool due to its accessibility, ease of use and low cost. 12 Radiographic findings of a triceps tendon avulsion can include soft tissue swelling proximal to the olecranon, a roughened olecranon and mineralised fragments embedded in the triceps tendon. 3 Unfortunately, radiography cannot differentiate between partial or full avulsions or concurrent tendinopathies, such as those seen in this case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT provides cross-sectional images and eliminates the issue of superimposition commonly encountered with conventional radiography. 12 Additional information pertaining to the type of avulsion (partial or complete), severity of the injury, joint health and concurrent tendinopathies is provided via CT. 10 In humans, a partial triceps tendon avulsion can be conservatively managed with good outcomes. 15 With the additional information that advanced imaging can provide, conservative management of a triceps tendon avulsion may translate to veterinary patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,13 Additionally, MRI can provide an accurate assessment of the anatomical relationships of all the surrounding structures of a joint in one single image. 12,13 The use of MRI is the standard of care for diagnosing triceps tendon avulsion in humans. 10 Unfortunately, MRI may not always be readily available for all veterinary hospitals, and therefore CT can provide a viable advanced imaging alternative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the rarity of triceps tendon avulsions, data on the accuracy of traditional imaging modalities such as radiography and musculocutaneous ultrasonography are lacking in veterinary literature. Radiography is a first‐line imaging diagnostic tool due to its accessibility, ease of use and low cost 12 . Radiographic findings of a triceps tendon avulsion can include soft tissue swelling proximal to the olecranon, a roughened olecranon and mineralised fragments embedded in the triceps tendon 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to CT becoming more accessible and affordable, its use as a diagnostic imaging tool is increasing. CT provides cross‐sectional images and eliminates the issue of superimposition commonly encountered with conventional radiography 12 . Additional information pertaining to the type of avulsion (partial or complete), severity of the injury, joint health and concurrent tendinopathies is provided via CT 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triceps tendon avulsion in a cat

Philips¹,

Chase²,

Thompson³

2023

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 1‐year‐8‐month‐old, male, neutered Maine Coon presented to a referral veterinary hospital for a weight‐bearing lameness of the left thoracic limb that occurred 4 weeks prior to presentation. A transverse groove, proximal to the olecranon, was palpated in the area of the normal insertion of the triceps tendon. Computed tomography of the left thoracic limb revealed a complete avulsion of the long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii from the olecranon. Multiple, small, mineralised fragments were present within the distal portion of the retracted tendons of insertion, and there were corresponding osseous defects within the olecranon. A modified three‐loop pulley suture technique was utilised to fix the triceps tendon to the olecranon. The joint was then immobilised with a trans‐articular external skeletal fixator. Three months after surgery, the owners reported no abnormalities or concerns regarding the cat's elbow or ambulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Triceps tendon avulsion in a cat

Philips¹,

Chase²,

Thompson³

2023

Vet Record Case Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Canine Tarsus

Park,

Ryu,

Heo

et al. 2024

J Vet Clin

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The tarsus in dogs has a complex structure that makes its evaluation relatively challenging. Because an accurate diagnosis of the tarsus is difficult through basic examinations alone, imaging tests are essential. Previous studies have explored the anatomical and radiological features of the canine tarsus using several imaging modalities. However, the imaging utility of the tarsus across different modalities has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study aimed to visualize the tarsal structures using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography, compare their utility, and propose suitable imaging modalities and conditions for evaluating specific tarsal structures. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound scans of the tarsus of four healthy dogs were performed, and two observers rated the utility of each image on a five-point scale. Although MRI is more beneficial for assessing the tarsal structures than ultrasound, ultrasound also appears clinically useful for evaluating the cranial tibialis muscle, deep digital flexor tendon, subcutaneous fat, joint space, and superficial digital flexor tendon. In addition, each structure of interest can be evaluated for optimal visibility using specific ultrasound sections, MRI sequences, and planes. In veterinary clinical practice, an initial assessment using ultrasound imaging with optimal visibility is required and if further evaluation is necessary, MRI examinations with optimal MRI sequences and planes can be performed.

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Calcaneus Tenorraphy with Temporary Internal Immobilization in Dog

Da Silva Flores,

Carolina Cauduro da Rosa,

Eliesse Pereira Costa

et al. 2024

Acta Scientiae Vet.

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Introdução : Na rotina prática clínica e cirúrgica ortopédica, o tendão calcâneo comum tem recebido atenção dos ortopedistas, visto que a maioria das lesões em pequenos animais está relacionada a traumas. Essas lesões podem ser parciais ou totais, e ter origem primária de trauma ou origem secundária de estiramento excessivo ou degeneração crônica. As manifestações clínicas incluem claudicação e alterações posturais. Exames de imagem são usados para confirmar o diagnóstico além de um exame clínico e a abordagem do tratamento depende da gravidade da lesão. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever o tratamento instituído em um canino diagnosticado com ruptura do tendão calcâneo. Caso: A four-year-old, 19 kg female English Greyhound was treated at the HVU of UFSM with a history of pain and lameness in the left hind limb. During the anamnesis, the owner reported that the onset of these clinical manifestations occurred following a run two days prior to the consultation, without confirming whether there was a history of trauma or not. On clinical examination, pink mucous membranes and heart area and lung field were observed without apparent alteration on auscultation, heart beats per minute of 100, respiratory movements per minute of 30, temperature of 38.5 ºC and non-reactive lymph nodes. In the orthopedic examination, the patient presented grade III claudication with weight bearing, support of the limb in pinch, slight hyperflexion of the tarsus to movement and discomfort on palpation in the caudal region of the left hind limb, close to the calcaneal tuberosity. Therefore, the clinical suspicion was common calcaneal tendon rupture. A radiographic examination was requested to rule out fracture involvement. The radiographic image obtained did not reveal bone alterations compatible with fracture, then, an ultrasound examination was performed to evaluate the soft tissues. Ultrasound findings suggested partial rupture of the common calcaneal tendon, with complete rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon component, evidenced by loss of fiber parallelism architecture, change in echogenicity and thickening, indicating tendon discontinuity. Therefore, the animal was referred for surgery. Once the portion that was torn was identified, the fragments were prepared, removing a fragment of about one centimeter from the proximal and distal fragments. A modified Kessler suture pattern was used for tendon apposition, followed by suturing in a simple isolated pattern on the sheath portion and approximation of the unruptured tendon portion. Then, the synthesis of the subcutaneous tissue and the dermarrhaphy were performed with suture in a simple continuous pattern. Após a tenorrafia, foi realizada imobilização interna com introdução de pino de Schanz 2,5mm, na região central do tarso em direção à diáfise da tíbia, promovendo uma leve angulação, para que o membro fique em extensão e não sobrecarregue a sutura, promovendo artrodese tibiotársica temporária quando da fixação do osso calcâneo na porção distal da tíbia. Após 21 dias com imobilização interna, a paciente retornou para retirar o pino e foi realizada imobilização externa, instituída por 14 dias, período após o qual o curativo foi revisado e retirado, e a paciente recebeu alta. Discussão: A técnica de tenorrafia do tendão calcâneo com imobilização interna da articulação tibiotársica com pino de Schanz mostrou-se eficiente para o caso descrito. O canino se recuperou rapidamente e não houve complicações trans e pós-operatórias devido ao diagnóstico preciso da doença e à seleção adequada da técnica. Assim, o diagnóstico correto e ágil, utilizando o método cirúrgico mais adequado, foi fundamental para que o paciente retornasse às atividades rotineiras de forma satisfatória. Palavras-chave: Tenorrafia, Tendão de Aquiles, Cão, Imobilização interna. Descriptores: Tenorrafia, Tendão calcâneo, Cão, Imobilização interna.

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Usefulness of Imaging Techniques in the Diagnosis of Selected Injuries and Lesions of the Canine Tarsus. A Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 59 publications

Triceps tendon avulsion in a cat

Triceps tendon avulsion in a cat

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Canine Tarsus

Calcaneus Tenorraphy with Temporary Internal Immobilization in Dog

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