Usefulness of Medical Thoracoscopy in the Management of Pleural Effusion Caused by Chronic Renal Failure

Abstract

MT represents a safe and effective diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in patients with CKD, that itself is a common cause of exudative effusion, and those patients may not require MT.

Respiratory complications and sleep disorders in children with chronic kidney disease: A correlation often underestimated

“…Fluid overload, in association with decreased plasma oncotic pressure secondary to hypoalbuminemia, can lead to pulmonary oedema, pleural effusions and lung congestion. Heart failure and other cardiac diseases, common findings in CKD, may also contribute to the development of congestive heart failure and may further complicate the aetiology of pulmonary oedema [9]. Furthermore, in patients with CKD the increase of pulmonary capillary permeability due to uremia and mediated by high plasma levels of endothelial cell-derived glycoproteins [von Willebrand Factor, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, soluble thrombomodulin, endothelin-1, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1, Vascular cell adhesion protein 1, and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1] and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor further contributes to pulmonary congestion [10].…”

Refractory exudative pleural effusion in patients with chronic kidney disease not receiving dialysis: A case report

“…Pleural effusion is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in those with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Transudative pleural effusion is commonly caused by hypervolemia, whereas exudative pleural effusion can be caused by infections such as tuberculosis, malignancies, and connective tissue diseases . Uremic pleuritis, which is a diagnosis of exclusion and results from inflammation of the visceral and parietal pleura, can also cause exudative pleural effusion .…”

“…Transudative pleural effusion is commonly caused by hypervolemia, whereas exudative pleural effusion can be caused by infections such as tuberculosis, malignancies, and connective tissue diseases. [1][2][3][4][5] Uremic pleuritis, which is a diagnosis of exclusion and results from inflammation of the visceral and parietal pleura, can also cause exudative pleural effusion. 1,[6][7][8][9] Although the pathogenesis of uremic pleuritis remains uncertain, it has primarily been reported in patients with ESRD receiving dialysis.…”