Usefulness of p53 gene mutations in the supernatant of bile for diagnosis of biliary tract carcinoma: comparison with K- ras mutation

Preproenkephalin hypermethylation in the pure pancreatic juice compared with p53 mutation in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma

“…We have reported that the incidence of K-ras and p53 mutations is higher in the supernatant than in the sediment of PPJ in PCa patients and in the bile juice in patients with biliary tract carcinoma. [14][15][16] The reason for these phenomena is presumed to be as follows: spontaneous apoptosis has been reported to occur more frequently in various cancer cells than in normal cells, 46 and small fragments of DNA from cancer cells undergoing apoptosis, which often harbor the mutant, may easily shift to the supernatant after centrifugation compared with DNA from normal epithelial cells. However, the incidence of ppENK hypermethylation is almost equal between the supernatant and the sediment of the PPJ in this study.…”

“…PCR primers and the p53 mutation analysis method are reported in our previous publications. 13,15,34 PCR was performed for all PCa and CP samples under the following conditions: 95°C for 1 min, 52°C for 1 min, and 73°C for 1 min for 45 cycles. Subsequently, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis were performed.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] We have already reported the usefulness of mutations of Kras and p53 in pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) and duodenal juice in clinical practice. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Recently, aberrant methylation of CpG islands has been reported to be a common mechanism for the dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes in a variety of human malignancies. [18][19][20] Hypermethylation induces transcriptional silencing.…”

Novel Potential Biomarkers for Opisthorchis viverrini Infection and Associated Cholangiocarcinoma

“…In CCA with bile duct obstruction, biliary drainage is introduced to reduce complications (16). Bile sampling represents a possible opportunity to detect changes in the CCA microenvironment, to understand the molecular and biochemical mechanisms that drive CCA tumor initiation, maintenance and progression (17,18). The bile obtained from patients with biliary obstruction is more likely to contain higher concentrations of CCA-associated proteins than serum and, thus, represents an alternative fluid for identifying potential biomarkers of CCA (19).…”

Ultrasensitive Detection of KRAS2 Mutations in Bile and Serum from Patients with Biliary Tract Carcinoma Using LigAmp Technology

“…9,10 Detection of KRAS2 mutations in bile has been explored as a potential diagnostic test by several groups. However, in these studies, although KRAS mutations were detected in the primary tumors of more than 80% cases, a much lower frequency of KRAS2 mutations was observed in bile from the same population, 6,11,12 which probably resulted from the presence of excessive wildtype DNA in the bile. An identical technological pitfall exists for detecting mutant DNA in serum.…”