for their friendship in lab, as well as their contributions to the raw data used for this thesis. To Dr. Kathryn Marklein for her review of my work, encouragement, and support. To Dr. Rachel Neal for my time spent in her lab, her years of mentorship, and her invaluable assistance in reviewing my statistical analyses. To the University of Louisville Department of Anthropology for the education and countless opportunities during my time as both an undergraduate and graduate student. I would especially like to express my deep gratitude and appreciation for the members of my thesis committee. To Dr. Haagen Klaus, for mentorship, encouragement, and the inspiration gleaned from his work. To Dr. Christopher Tillquist, for the years of education as a student, and as a teaching assistant, and for continuous lessons in critical thinking. To Dr. Fabián Crespo, my advisor, for the years of mentorship and opportunities, and the introduction to the potentials of both immunology and anthropology. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my husband Robert Duncanson for his unwavering, and unconditional support, for all my academic pursuits.