Usefulness of radiography in differentiating enchondroma from central grade 1 chondrosarcoma.

Surgical Treatment of Grade I Central Chondrosarcoma

“…The benign counterpart of CS is enchondroma, which by its nature grows during infancy and typically has little clinical importance in adulthood [8,21]. The differential diagnosis between enchondroma and Grades I and II CS is a challenge for the anatomic pathologist and is often the object of studies to determine certain parameters such as permeative infiltration with encapsulation of host bone trabeculae as proposed by Mirra et al [16] and Schiller [21] or the presence of hypercellularity combined with cellular atypia and myxoid areas [1,3,10,16,19,20].…”

“…The radiographic and histologic elements that allow clear distinction between enchondroma and Grade I central CS remain controversial. Grade I CS, in fact, shows such a harmless clinical pattern that it can be mistaken for an enchondroma [8]. Grade I CS can recur even after 10 to 20 years, whereas Grade II CS recurs within 5 years and Grade III CS often recur within 1 year [4,11,19,23].…”

Insights into Enchondroma, Enchondromatosis and the risk of secondary Chondrosarcoma. Review of the literature with an emphasis on the clinical behaviour, radiology, malignant transformation and the follow up

“…Most of the patients with malignant transformation complained of pain as the leading symptom, but there were also patients without any pain [16][17][18]. Furthermore, some of the patients with an enchondroma are also suffering from pain, which by itself by no means eliminates the benign enchondroma from consideration [16].…”

“…Furthermore, some of the patients with an enchondroma are also suffering from pain, which by itself by no means eliminates the benign enchondroma from consideration [16].…”

“…Therefore, pain in and of itself by no means eliminates the totally benign enchondroma from consideration. And, secondary chondrosarcomas could be radiological discoveries without any clinical symptoms [16].…”