Usefulness of restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotyping for epidemiological studies of Mycobacterium bovis in Madagascar: Description of new genotypes

Rasolofo-Razanamparany, Voahangy; Quirin, René; RAPAOLIARIJAONA, A; Rakotoaritahina, H.; Vololonirina, Elie J; Rasolonavalona, T; Ferdinand, Séverine; Sola, Christophe; Rastogi, Nalin; Ramarokoto, H

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.057

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Spoligotype surveys of M. bovis from Algeria, Zambia, and South Africa suggest that strains with spacers 3 to 7 deleted are absent or present at low frequency in these countries (40,43,47,51). Furthermore, a spoligotype survey of over 100 strains from Madagascar did not disclose any patterns with spacers 3 to 7 missing (47).…”

Section: 4 or More Copies (Infrequently Less Than 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

African 2, a Clonal Complex of Mycobacterium bovis Epidemiologically Important in East Africa

et al. 2011

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We have identified a clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis isolated at high frequency from cattle in Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Ethiopia. We have named this related group of M. bovis strains the African 2 (Af2) clonal complex of M. bovis. Af2 strains are defined by a specific chromosomal deletion (RDAf2) and can be identified by the absence of spacers 3 to 7 in their spoligotype patterns. Deletion analysis of M. bovis isolates from Algeria, Mali, Chad, Nigeria, Cameroon, South Africa, and Mozambique did not identify any strains of the Af2 clonal complex, suggesting that this clonal complex of M. bovis is localized in East Africa. The specific spoligotype pattern of the Af2 clonal complex was rarely identified among isolates from outside Africa, and the few isolates that were found and tested were intact at the RDAf2 locus. We conclude that the Af2 clonal complex is localized to cattle in East Africa. We found that strains of the Af2 clonal complex of M. bovis have, in general, four or more copies of the insertion sequence IS6110, in contrast to the majority of M. bovis strains isolated from cattle, which are thought to carry only one or a few copies.

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Section: 4 or More Copies (Infrequently Less Than 4)mentioning

confidence: 99%

African 2, a Clonal Complex of Mycobacterium bovis Epidemiologically Important in East Africa

et al. 2011

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“…Previously published population surveys of bovine TB strains from Burundi, Uganda, South Africa, and Madagascar showed that in general, spacer 30 was present in the spoligotype patterns of strains from these countries, suggesting that the Af1 clonal complex was not present at high frequency (44,54,56,58). To confirm this observation, a sample of strains chosen to represent the spoligotype diversity of the population in each country was surveyed by PCR for the status of the RDAf1 region.…”

Section: Strains With Spacer 30 Absentmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In 1998, Cosivi et al reported of bovine TB, "Of all nations in Africa, only seven apply disease control measures as part of a test-and-slaughter policy and consider bovine TB a notifiable disease; the remaining 48 control the disease inadequately or not at all" (16). In the intervening years, the situation is not thought to have improved (8); however, preliminary surveys of bovine TB have been carried out in some African countries (4,7,12,37,44,49,53,54,56).…”

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confidence: 99%

African 1, an Epidemiologically Important Clonal Complex of Mycobacterium bovis Dominant in Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad

et al. 2009

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We have identified a clonal complex of Mycobacterium bovis present at high frequency in cattle in population samples from several sub-Saharan west-central African countries. This closely related group of bacteria is defined by a specific chromosomal deletion (RDAf1) and can be identified by the absence of spacer 30 in the standard spoligotype typing scheme. We have named this group of strains the African 1 (Af1) clonal complex and have defined the spoligotype signature of this clonal complex as being the same as the M. bovis BCG vaccine strain but with the deletion of spacer 30. Strains of the Af1 clonal complex were found at high frequency in population samples of M. bovis from cattle in Mali, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Chad, and using a combination of variable-number tandem repeat typing and spoligotyping, we show that the population of M. bovis in each of these countries is distinct, suggesting that the recent mixing of strains between countries is not common in this area of Africa. Strains with the Af1-specific deletion (RDAf1) were not identified in M. bovis isolates from Algeria, Burundi, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. Furthermore, the spoligotype signature of the Af1 clonal complex has not been identified in population samples of bovine tuberculosis from Europe, Iran, and South America. These observations suggest that the Af1 clonal complex is geographically localized, albeit to several African countries, and we suggest that the dominance of the clonal complex in this region is the result of an original introduction into cows naïve to bovine tuberculosis.

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“…The single study from Africa was done in Madagascar [15]. Half of the reports from Europe were carried out in the UK and Ireland.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the estimates in the studies conducted in Europe, the median proportion of extrapulmonary TB was 47% (21–99%). The only report from Africa presented a low proportion of extrapulmonary TB (11%) [15]. The three studies included from the Western Pacific region reported proportions of extrapulmonary TB from 13–43% with a median of 28% [11], [24], [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Primary Sites of Infection between Zoonotic and Human Tuberculosis: Results from a Worldwide Systematic Review

et al. 2013

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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most devastating infectious diseases worldwide. Whilst global burden estimates for M. tuberculosis infection (MtTB) are well established, accurate data on the contribution of zoonotic TB (zTB) caused by M. bovis or M. caprae to human TB are scarce. The association of M. bovis infection with extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been suggested repeatedly, though there is little scientific evidence available to support this relationship. The present study aimed to determine globally the occurrence of extrapulmonary TB and the primary site (i.e. primary body location affected) of zTB in comparison with MtTB, based on previously published reports. A systematic literature review was conducted in 32 different bibliographic databases, selecting reports on zTB written in English, French, German, Spanish or Portuguese. Data from 27 reports from Africa, America, Europe and the Western Pacific Region were extracted for analyses. Low income countries, in Africa and South-East Asia, were highly underrepresented in the dataset. The median proportion of extrapulmonary TB cases was significantly increased among zTB in comparison with data from registries of Europe and USA, reporting mainly MtTB cases (47% versus 22% in Europe, 73% versus 30% in the USA). These findings were confirmed by analyses of eight studies reporting on the proportions of extrapulmonary TB in comparable populations of zTB and MtTB cases (median 63% versus 22%). Also, disparities of primary sites of extrapulmonary TB between zTB and MtTB were detected. Our findings, based on global data, confirm the widely suggested association between zTB and extrapulmonary disease. Different disability weights for zTB and MtTB should be considered and we recommend separate burden estimates for the two diseases.

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Usefulness of restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotyping for epidemiological studies of Mycobacterium bovis in Madagascar: Description of new genotypes

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

African 2, a Clonal Complex of Mycobacterium bovis Epidemiologically Important in East Africa

African 2, a Clonal Complex of Mycobacterium bovis Epidemiologically Important in East Africa

African 1, an Epidemiologically Important Clonal Complex of Mycobacterium bovis Dominant in Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad

Differences in Primary Sites of Infection between Zoonotic and Human Tuberculosis: Results from a Worldwide Systematic Review

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