Usefulness of the analytical control of aflatoxins in feedstuffs for dairy cows for the prevention of aflatoxin M1 in milk

Rodríguez-Blanco, M.; Ramos, Ana M. González; Prim, M.; Sanchís, V.; Marı́n, Sonia

doi:10.1007/s12550-019-00362-y

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Therefore, and to protect consumers against potential health risks from exposure to AFM 1 , more extensive and periodic control of AFM 1 concentration in milk and dairy products is needed. AFM 1 monitoring is relatively easy to perform, in contrast to an analysis of AFB 1 contamination in animal feeds due to the heterogeneous distribution of the mycotoxin in raw materials and problems derived from sampling procedures [ 6 ]. As AFB 1 contaminated feed is the source of AFM 1 in milk, improved feed practices and proper storage conditions must be implemented to keep mycotoxin contamination in animal feedstuffs as low as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFM 1 occurs in the milk of dairy cattle ingesting feed contaminated with AFB 1 , which is partly converted to this hydroxylated metabolite and then excreted in milk. The fraction of AFB 1 in feed that is transferred to milk as AFM 1 (carry-over) ranges between 0.6% and 3% with up to 6.2% in high yielding cows [4][5][6]. Due to its strong toxicity in many species, AFB 1 is an undesirable substance in animal feed [7], and its levels in feed for dairy cattle are restricted in several countries in order to minimize carry-over and thereby human AFM 1 exposure with milk [1,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products in Bangladesh

Sumon

Islam

Mohanto

et al. 2021

Toxins

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As milk provides both micro- and macronutrients, it is an important component in the diet. However, the presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the feed of dairy cattle results in contamination of milk and dairy products with aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a toxic metabolite of the carcinogenic mycotoxin. With the aim to determine AFM1 concentrations in milk and milk products consumed in Bangladesh, in total, 145 samples were collected in four divisional regions (Sylhet, Dhaka, Chittagong, and Rajshahi). The samples comprised these categories: raw milk (n = 105), pasteurized milk (n = 15), ultra-high temperature (UHT)-treated milk (n = 15), fermented milk products such as yogurt (n = 5), and milk powder (n = 5). AFM1 levels in these samples were determined through competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, AFM1 was present in 78.6% of milk and milk products in the range of 5.0 to 198.7 ng/L. AFM1 was detected in 71.4% of raw milk (mean 41.1, range 5.0–198.7 ng/L), and in all pasteurized milk (mean 106, range 17.2–187.7 ng/L) and UHT milk (mean 73, range 12.2–146.9 ng/L) samples. Lower AFM1 levels were found in yogurt (mean 16.9, range 8.3–41.1 ng/L) and milk powder samples (mean 6.6, range 5.9–7.0 ng/L). About one-third of the raw, pasteurized, and UHT milk samples exceeded the EU regulatory limit (50 ng/L) for AFM1 in milk, while AFM1 levels in yogurt and milk powder samples were well below this limit. Regarding regions, lower AFM1 contamination was observed in Chittagong (mean 6.6, max 10.6 ng/L), compared to Sylhet (mean 53.7, max 198.7 ng/L), Dhaka (mean 37.8, max 97.2 ng/L), and Rajshahi (mean 34.8, max 131.4 ng/L). Yet, no significant difference was observed in AFM1 levels between summer and winter season. In conclusion, the observed frequency and levels of aflatoxin contamination raise concern and must encourage further monitoring of AFM1 in milk and milk products in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products in Bangladesh

Sumon

Islam

Mohanto

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…Considering their chemical structures, aflatoxins are furanocoumarin derivatives (Figure 1), of which aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), a hydroxylated derivative of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), occurs in milk and in various dairy products (Prandini et al, 2009;Giovati et al, 2015). AFM 1 is a distinguished target in on-going mycotoxin-related research, because AFM 1 consumption may be exceptionally dangerous for children especially at younger ages (Udomkun et al, 2017;Rodríguez-Blanco et al, 2019;Ojuri et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

et al. 2019

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“…Para evitar la exposición de los consumidores de productos lácteos, a niveles peligrosos de AFM1, los productores deberían estimar el riesgo real para superar el límite máximo de AFM1 en la leche (por ejemplo, en la UE=50 ng/kg o en los Estados Unidos=500 ng/kg)cuando se suministra a los animales alimentos contaminados con AFB1. Para lograrlo, es elemental valorar muestras de leche del tanque de refrigeración (Gonçalves et al, 2017;Rodríguez-Blanco et al, 2019a), lo que resulta muy práctico para conocer los niveles de AFB1 en los alimentos, orienta el uso y manejo de descontaminantes, permite calcular cuánto debería consumir una vaca para extrapolarlo a nivel de hato y estimar a priori el nivel de AFM1 en la leche.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…No obstante, cumplir con el límite máximo de AFB1 en los alimentos (UE=5 μg/kg o FDA=20 μg/kg) destinados para vacas lecheras no es garantía para obtener niveles de AFM1 en la leche por debajo del límite requerido (Becker-Algeri et al, 2016;Rodríguez-Blanco et al, 2019a). Por lo que, en las fincas lecheras y en las fábricas de productos lácteos es necesario implementar algunas medidas adicionales de control y reducción de las concentraciones de AFs, orientada sobre la base de un buen diagnóstico (Giovati et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Impacto de las aflatoxinas B1/M1 sobre el bienestar de las vacas lecheras y su presencia en productos lácteos

Pichardo-Matamoros

Elizondo-Salazar

2020

Nut. Anim. Trop.

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La aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) es la aflatoxina más tóxica y prevalente a nivel mundial, causa aflatoxicosis aguda, tiene efecto carcinogénico y citotóxico en animales y humanos. La AFB1 es un metabolito secundario producido por especies de Aspergillus, particularmente, en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Por lo general, los cereales son los alimentos que representan el riesgomás significativo de exposición para los animales y son los más utilizados en la formulación de alimentos balanceados para las explotaciones lecheras. Las vacas que ingieren alimentos contaminados con AFB1 excretan aflatoxina M1 (AFM1)a través de la leche, a una tasa de transferencia que va desde0,30 a 7,26%.La AFM1 tiene efecto carcinogénico, pero menos potente que el de la AFB1. La AFM1 es estable a los procesos de pasteurización de la leche empleados en la industria láctea. El consumo de productos lácteos contaminados con AFM1 aumentael riesgo para padecer cáncer en humanos, lo que la convierte en uno de los problemas más importantes de inocuidad alimentaria. Considerando el impacto en seguridad alimentaria de las AFB1/AFM1 para los animales y el hombre, en este trabajo se proporciona una perspectiva sobre la relación entre AFB1 y los alimentospara las vacas lecheras, la transferencia de AFB1 a AFM1 en la leche y derivados lácteos, efectos sobre los rendimientos productivos y reproductivos en el animal, importancia en la salud pública, así como, las estrategias más convenientes para controlar los niveles de AFB1 y AFM1 en la cadena de producción de la industria láctea.El control del impacto de las AFB1/AFM1 en las lecherías debería incluir un plan de vigilancia y monitoreo en la finca empleando técnicas analíticas confiables sobre muestras de leche provenientes del tanquein situque ayuden a fortalecer las medidas de control sobre los alimentos para garantizar el bienestar de las vacas y la inocuidad alimentaria.

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Usefulness of the analytical control of aflatoxins in feedstuffs for dairy cows for the prevention of aflatoxin M1 in milk

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

The Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products in Bangladesh

The Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk and Milk Products in Bangladesh

Adverse Effects, Transformation and Channeling of Aflatoxins Into Food Raw Materials in Livestock

Impacto de las aflatoxinas B1/M1 sobre el bienestar de las vacas lecheras y su presencia en productos lácteos

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