Usefulness of the Electrocardiogram in Diagnosing Mechanisms of Tachycardia

Tipple, Marion

doi:10.1007/s002460010129

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…This situation creates conditions for an impulse to go through one of the two pathways and to return up by the second one: the circuit is totally in the AVN and both atria and ventricles are activated in parallel [1][2][3]. Although the standard 12-lead ECG maintains high diagnostic value as first line tool [11], a more invasive approach is often required in order to solve definitively both the diagnostic process and the recurrences [12]. It involves electrophysiological testing, mapping and catheter ablation of the arrhythmia [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanatomical mapping systems and cardiac arrhythmias: avoiding radiations in pediatric patients

Casale¹,

Mezzetti²,

Tulino³

et al. 2017

J Neonatal Biol

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Introduction: Cardiac arrhythmias are challenging conditions in pediatric patients, especially in the case of newborns. Most of the tachyarrhythmias in children (90.24%) are atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias (AVRT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias (AVNRT). Although the standard 12-lead ECG maintains high diagnostic value, an invasive electrophysiological study with catheter ablation are often required. Unfortunately these procedures are burdened by the use of radiations. Materials and methods:We performed a systematic research in PubMed and Embase. We found 257 articles of interest but we selected only 36 as the most representative. Discussion:The main concerns linked to electrophysiological procedures are the need of fluoroscopy and thus the risk of malignancy as well as dermatitis, cataracts, thyroid diseases and birth defects in the patients' offspring. Children and especially newborns have a greater life expectancy so their cumulative risk is greater than adults. For this reason the guiding principle in electrophysiological procedures involving radiations in pediatric subjects is "as low as reasonably achievable" (acronym: ALARA). The development of 3-dimensional (3-D) electroanatomical mapping systems allowed a significant reduction of radiation exposure during catheter ablations. The most recent experiences demonstrated the feasibility and the safety of fluoroless ablation procedures of the most common arrhythmias in children.Conclusions: Cardiac arrhythmias could be very challenging conditions in pediatric patients. Predictors of complications are body weight <15 kg and age <4 years so it is clear that newborns are the most difficult patients. It is reasonable, because of these evidences, to approach cardiac arrhythmias pharmacologically in younger subjects. More than 20 years of experiences conducted by the electrophysiologists allow us to encourage the use of the electroanatomical mapping systems, with the objective of reducing the radiation exposure in children, especially when accessory pathways are involved. Citation: Casale M, Mezzetti M, Tulino V, Morelli M, Ciccarelli I, et al. (2017)

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