User behavior, influence factors, and impacts on real-world pollutant emissions from the household heating stoves in rural China

A comprehensive review of the production, adoption and sustained use of biomass pellets in Ghana

“…The conservativeness of users in terms of food tastes, cooking habits, and fuel availability has also limited the demand for clean fuels [ 7 , 30 ]. A study in Shaanxi also reported that household fuel choices were influenced by housing characteristics, cooking and heating habits and stove use patterns [ 9 ]. The unavailability of pellet fuels in Yangxin county is a significant limitation to household heating with biomass pellets [ 5 ].…”

“…Household air pollution (HAP) associated with biomass use is exacerbated because they are usually burned in inefficient stoves [ 9 , 10 ]. Due to international recognition of the adverse effects of unclean cooking and heating, and progress toward sustainable development goals (SDGs), transitioning to clean fuels in developing countries has gained significant attention [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Health Impacts from Indoor Activities

“…The emission factor obtained in the literature is dependent on the mass of coal burnt [21], which was calculated according to heating needs with Pleiades [35]. The emission rate could thus be adapted in the model if specific 6: (a) Intake fractions (μg intake /μg emitted ) for all activities and ventilation scenarios on the primary y-axis and total intake (μg intake / h activity ) on the secondary y-axis, with iso-intake diagonal lines in grey and annual and daily recommendations represented by yellow and red lines, respectively; (b) effect factors (μDALY/μg intake ) for all activities and four standard ventilation scenarios; and (c) characterisation factors (μDALY/μg emitted ) on the primary y-axis and health damages (μDALY/h activity and minutes lost /d) on the two secondary y-axes (left and right) with iso-impact diagonal lines in grey.…”

“…Indoor PM 2.5 concentrations depend on outdoor pollution levels, penetrating through unfiltered ventilation, indoor primary PM 2.5 emissions from human activities, and chemical reactions between chemicals emitted indoors, such as the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with ozone, nitrate, and hydroxyl radicals, which together can form secondary PM [12]. Various studies have measured primary PM 2.5 emission rates, indoor concentrations, and particle size distributions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] for different activities. While fuel stoves are recognised as strong indoor PM 2.5 sources and linked to premature mortality in developing countries, cooking (especially frying and grilling) and candle burning were also identified as important sources.…”

City-Level Determinants of Household CO2 Emissions per Person: An Empirical Study Based on a Large Survey in China

“…In these cold areas, coal-powered heating for homes and offices was common, but such heating systems did not exist in southern China [16]. Some research results showed that household heating stoves were commonly used for heating in rural China during winter, which brought not only CO 2 emissions but also pollutant emissions, resulting in health loss [37,38]. Taking Beijing as an example, Chen et al ( 2019) pointed out that a large difference between urban and rural areas in energy consumption and the related CO 2 emissions is related to the difference between energy structure and energy behaviors [39].…”