“…Smart and assistive technologies aim to reduce accidents and injuries and, as such, stand to increase worker output and business profitability. For example, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (XR) simulation training have shown promise in allowing welding trainees to learn more efficiently and safely while also reducing the infrastructure costs of welding training (Fast et al, 2004; Feier & Banciu, 2021; Jo et al, 2011; Okimoto et al, 2015; Papakostas et al, 2020; Seidelman et al, 2014; Shankhwar & Smith, In Press).…”