The abundance of mobile and sensing devices, within our environment, has led to a society in which any object, embedded with sensors, is capable of providing us with information. A human digital memory, created with the data from these pervasive devices, produces a more dynamic and data rich memory.Information such as how you felt, where you were and the context of the environment can be established. This paper presents the DigMem system, which utilizes distributed mobile services, linked data and machine learning to create such memories. Along with the design of the system, a prototype has also been developed, and two case studies have been undertaken, which successfully creates memories. As well as demonstrating how memories are created; a key concern in human digital memory research relates to the amount of data that is generated, and stored. In particular, searching this set of big data is a key challenge.In response to this, the paper evaluates the use of machine learning algorithms, as an alternative to SPARQL, and treats searching as a classification problem. In particular, supervised machine learning algorithms are used to find information in semantic annotations, based on probabilistic reasoning. Our approach produces good results with 100% sensitivity, 93% specificity, 93% positive predicted value, 100% negative predicted value, and an overall accuracy of 97%.
Keywords: Human Digital Memory, Lifelogging, Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous Computing, Linked Data, Supervised Machine LearningDobbins, C., Merabti, M., . Creating Human Digital Memories with the Aid of Pervasive Mobile Devices. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 12, 160-178. doi:10.1016/j.pmcj.2013.10.009 3
IntroductionMemories influence every aspect of our lives. It is considered to be the most basic and important operation of the brain, with very few cognitive processes (recognition, language, planning, etc.) being able to operate effectively without a contribution from it [1]. They are a significant part of our existence that can be shared anywhere and at any time. Reminiscing, over past experiences, is a substantial part of our lives.It is a practice that has been performed over thousands of years and is what makes us who we are. However, losing the ability to recollect memories is not only disadvantageous, but can prove quite detrimental, particularly to many older people [2]. Nevertheless, recent advances in technology can alleviate this problem, to a certain extent. As technology advances, computing devices have now taken a more central role in our lives. They have shifted in reliance from just being seen as "glorified calculators" [3], to devices that are capable of capturing and storing our entire lives. As such, this shift has resulted in the area of creating and managing human digital memories, being declared a grand challenge in computing researchIn today's society, the proliferation of "smart" mobile devices is becoming more abundant.Currently, 81.6 million mobile subscriptions are held in the UK [5]. By 2016, Cisco predicts that...