User perceptions of and willingness to pay for household container-based sanitation services: experience from Cap Haitien, Haiti

Russel, Kory C.; Tilmans, Sebastien; Kramer, Sasha; Sklar, Rachel; Tillias, Daniel; Davis, Jennifer

doi:10.1177/0956247815596522

Cited by 37 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Waste is picked on a regular basis and transported to a decomposing/waste recovery site, and households have to pay for these services. These approaches have been tested in East Africa (Kenya and Uganda) (O'Keefe et al 2015a) and Haiti (Russel et al 2015). These examples provide important lessons that can be learnt for the slums of Kisumu.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference for and characteristics of an appropriate sanitation technology for the slums of Kisumu, Kenya

Simiyu

2017

International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development

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Slums are faced with several challenges including lack of sanitation facilities. This lack is further compounded by the difficulty in determining an appropriate sanitation technology due to the challenging living conditions. An appropriate technology should, among others, consider the conditions of each settlement as well as views of the slum residents. Through interviews and participatory discussions, residents of the slums in Kisumu city identified sanitation technologies they preferred, and the reasons for or against these technologies. These responses were pointers to characteristics of an appropriate technology for the slums. Pit latrines, ecological sanitation and flush toilets were identified, but residents selected pit latrines as appropriate for their settlements. The results mean that technically, an ideal technology should be easy to construct and use, be socioculturally acceptable, environmentally friendly and economically affordable. This article calls for cooperation among stakeholders, including landlords and tenants in decision-making for sanitation in slums.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference for and characteristics of an appropriate sanitation technology for the slums of Kisumu, Kenya

Simiyu

2017

International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CBS organizations try to maximize the number of people in urban areas with access to dignified sanitation in a cost-efficient manner. Households that use CBS sanitation services have been shown to feel less ashamed and safer, more modern, and prouder of their sanitation situation relative to their neighbors [9].Since CBS services deliberately account for the whole sanitation chain, they avoid illegal or unsanitary dumping of excreta during collection and transportation. CBS services should ensure safe treatment and disposal or reuse of the material they collect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Advanced Services in the Sanitation Sector

Saul

Gebauer

2018

Sustainability

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People in Base of the Pyramid markets still face difficulties when it comes to sanitation. Container-based Sanitation (CBS) services represent a promising advanced sanitation service. Despite the observed outcomes of CBS services, organizations face obstacles when providing these services. To overcome these obstacles, digital transformations of these services are being carried out. We rely on multiple case studies to understand these digital transformations. Our findings highlight (1) the challenges these case organizations faced before engaging in the digital transformation, (2) their individual digital transformation pathways, and (3) a general framework for digital transformations in BoP markets. Keywords:Container-based Sanitation; advanced services; Internet of Things; Base of the Pyramid; WASH; sanitation MotivationThe 4 billion people in the world who subsist on a few dollars a day are often referred to as the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) [1]. Much of the BoP population lacks access to necessary services [2,3] such as water, sanitation, and energy. Considering our empirical context of sanitation, 2.4 billion people do not have access to a toilet that is connected to a sewage system or vaults that are regularly emptied and serviced [4], 892 million of which practice open defecation [5]. In addition, the excreta of 4.5 billion people is not safely treated or disposed of properly [5]. To better serve the BoP population, organizations need to move beyond offering basic sanitation products to the BoP population.A typical illustration of a basic sanitation product is the building of pit latrines, without concern for the wider excreta management system. While this approach can be designed to be very affordable, scalable, and even suitable for rural areas, it is not suitable for densely populated, informal, urban areas. In such conditions, basic sanitation offerings do not guarantee how and where excreta enters a sanitation system; how and for how long it is contained on site; how it is transported to a treatment facility; how it is treated; and how it is finally disposed of or re-utilized [6]. A system-perspective is critical for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6.2 "... access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation" and 6.3 "... improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally" [7].Therefore, organizations should create advanced sanitation services. The idea of advanced services originates from the servitization discussion describing how product companies are increasingly transitioning from offering products to basic services, and from basic services to advanced services [8]. Advanced services are generally distinguished by their focus on outcomes and the tight links to the necessary capabilities for achieving these outcomes [8].Container-based Sanitation (CBS) ...

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“…In some applications, biosolids dewatering/drying may be needed where there are heightened concerns for environmental contamination and human exposure. For example, in dense urban areas in developing countries, traditional waterborne sewerage does not exist and is too costly for construction (Russel et al (2015); Tilmans et al (2015)). Instead, on-site sanitation practices such are toilets with septic tanks or pit latrines are frequently used in low-income households in urban areas (Tilmans et al (2015)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, on-site sanitation practices such are toilets with septic tanks or pit latrines are frequently used in low-income households in urban areas (Tilmans et al (2015)). Because of narrow, irregular streets, use of suction trucks to empty and remove septic or latrine pit sewerage may not be possible, and instead emptying takes place manually with the concomitant exposure of fecal contaminants to both laborers and community members (Russel et al (2015)). Any biosolids dewatering/drying takes place away from initial waste storage in septic tanks or latrine pits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling biosolids drying through a laminated hydrophobic membrane

et al. 2017

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The adaptation of the membrane distillation process as a low-cost and sustainable approach to biosolids drying and stabilization is investigated, which may have application in container-based sanitation systems proposed in low-income urban regions. Three-layer laminated, breathable, hydrophobic membranes enclose the biosolids, facilitating drying but preventing transport of contaminants. The membranes used in this process are non-wetting with pore spaces that only allow vapor transport. Water vapor can be expelled due to a moderate vapor pressure gradient. Other constituents, including both particulate and dissolved matter are retained. The permeate, therefore, is expected to be of high purity and pathogen-free. This study presents experimental results showing usable rates of moisture transfer through the laminated hydrophobic membranes with temperature gradients, ΔT = -2 °C, corresponding to the condition that biosolids do not receive external heating in which laminate-enclosed biosolids are 2 °C cooler than outside, as well as conditions that samples are 2 °C and 10 °C warmer than the ambient temperature (ΔT = 2 and 10 °C, respectively). The conditions result in reduction in the moisture content of the laminate-enclosed biosolids from about 97% to 12-30% and the permeate is observed to be free of fecal coliforms, indicator organisms for pathogens. The initial constant-rate drying period is described well with a stagnant film model that accounts for different temperature gradients, laminate surface area, and ambient relative humidity. The proposed model may be used to assess the feasibility of incorporating laminated hydrophobic membranes to enhance biosolids drying in container-based sanitation systems as well as other applications.

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User perceptions of and willingness to pay for household container-based sanitation services: experience from Cap Haitien, Haiti

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Preference for and characteristics of an appropriate sanitation technology for the slums of Kisumu, Kenya

Preference for and characteristics of an appropriate sanitation technology for the slums of Kisumu, Kenya

Digital Transformation as an Enabler for Advanced Services in the Sanitation Sector

Modeling biosolids drying through a laminated hydrophobic membrane

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