Uses of winery and distillery effluents in agriculture: characterisation of nutrient and hazardous components

Abstract

Twenty-one samples of winery and distillery effluents were collected from different Spanish winery and distillery industries. Electrical conductivity, pH, redox potential, density, organic charge (chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total, volatile and suspended solids, oxidisable organic C and polyphenols) and contents of plant nutrients and heavy metals were analysed. The aim of this work was to study the composition of these effluents and to find relationships which would make it possible to use easily determined parameters to estimate their composition. The winery wastewater (WW) and vinasse (V) showed an acidic pH, a high organic load and notable polyphenol, macronutrient, micronutrient and heavy metal contents. Some of these properties are not compatible with agricultural requirements; therefore, conditioning treatment of these liquid wastes is necessary to produce a safe, stable and easily manageable end product. Generally, in both effluent types, significant correlations were found between easily analysable parameters, such as suspended, volatile and total solids, pH, electrical conductivity, density and redox potential, and most of the parameters studied. The linear regression equations obtained permitted an immediate characterisation of the WW and V samples using these parameters.

Grape Winery Waste as Feedstock for Bioconversions: Applying the Biorefinery Concept

“…However, the use of plant biomass as a raw material for the production of numerous products using complex physicochemical processing methods, a concept similar to petroleum refinery, is a rather new idea, first initiated in the 1980 s [8,17]. This approach though successful to an extent has several drawbacks.…”

“…The winemaking industry has been majorly positively portrayed, due to the socioeconomic and cultural benefits attributed to it [8,9]. Regardless of the vast amounts of waste generated, the great use of water resources and the exhaustive land usage, the industry has not been viewed negatively by the general public.…”

Influence of Winemaking Practices on the Characteristics of Winery Wastewater and Water Usage of Wineries

“…One of the biggest issues for the wine industry is the management of large volumes of wastewater (Bustamante et al, 2005). While wine production does not have a reputation as a polluting industry, the wastewater volumes worldwide are increasing and the wastewater has a high organic load, low pH, variable salinity and nutrient levels, all of which indicate that the wastewater has the potential to pose an environmental threat (Mosse et al, 2011).…”

“…The variance in wastewater composition complicates the issue of finding a general solution for wastewater treatment at different wineries . To find the correct treatment and reuse efficiencies for wastewater it is important to understand the detailed composition of the wastewater (Bustamante et al, 2005).…”

“…Agustina et al (2007) Increase COD and EC EC -electrical conductivity; SAR -sodium absorption rate; COD -chemical oxygen demand and propionic), alcohols, esters and polyphenols play an important role in the composition of winery wastewater (Zhang et al, 2006;Mosse et al, 2012). There is not a lot of research available on the organic components of winery wastewater, but it is essential to characterise the organic composition of winery wastewater to establish the impacts the wastewater will have on the environment (Bustamante et al, 2005;Mosse et al, 2011).…”