Using a Decision Tree Algorithm Predictive Model for Sperm Count Assessment and Risk Factors in Health Screening Population

Abstract

Approximately 20% of couples face infertility challenges and struggle to conceive naturally. Despite advances in artificial reproduction, its success hinges on sperm quality. Our previous study used five machine learning (ML) algorithms, random forest, stochastic gradient boosting, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, ridge regression, and extreme gradient boosting, to model health data from 1375 Taiwanese males and identified ten risk factors affecting sperm count. Methods: We employed the CART algorithm to generate decision trees using identified risk factors to predict healthy sperm counts. Four error metrics, SMAPE, RAE, RRSE, and RMSE, were used to evaluate the decision trees. We identified the top five decision trees based on their low errors and discussed in detail the tree with the least error. Results:The decision tree featuring the least error, comprising BMI, UA, ST, T-Cho/HDL-C ratio, and BUN, corroborated the negative impacts of metabolic syndrome, particularly high BMI, on sperm count, while emphasizing the link between good sleep and male fertility. Our study also sheds light on the potentially significant influence of high BUN on spermatogenesis. Two novel risk factors, T-Cho/HDL-C and UA, warrant further investigation. Conclusion:The ML algorithm established a predictive model for healthcare personnel to assess low sperm counts. Refinement of the model using additional data is crucial for improved precision. The risk factors identified offer avenues for future investigations.

Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Healthcare: Current Trends and Future Directions – A Narrative Review for a Comprehensive Insight

“…5,6 The latest technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), have improved healthcare delivery significantly in different settings. 7,8 Even though AI technology can be traced back to the mid-20th century, recent decades have witnessed significant growth in its usage in healthcare. 9,10 AI in the healthcare sector decreases the workload of healthcare workers, makes a quicker diagnosis, and leads to efficient patient care, including care for mental health.…”