Using a Field Quantitative Real-Time PCR Test To Rapidly Identify Highly Viremic Rift Valley Fever Cases

Njenga, M. Kariuki; Pawęska, Janusz T.; Wanjala, Rose; Rao, Carol Y.; Weiner, Matthew A.; Omballa, Victor; Luman, Elizabeth T.; Mutonga, David; Sharif, Shahnaaz; Panning, Marcus; Drosten, Christian; Feikin, Daniel R.; Breiman, Robert F.

doi:10.1128/jcm.01905-08

Cited by 60 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The RVF virus IgM antibodies were detected using the sandwich ELISA method, as described previously. 19,20 Briefly, sera were added to ELISA plates coated with goat antiserum against human μ-chain of IgM, followed by addition of RVFV antigens. Immunoreactivity was detected using the 2,2′-azino di-ethylbenzothiazoline-sulfonic acid as peroxidase substrate and optical density (OD) read at 405 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of a Major Outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: 2006–2007

Nguku

Sharif²,

Mutonga

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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170

200

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral RNA was detected using one-step real-time RT-PCR, as described. 20,21 Briefly, primers from the G2 gene of the virus were used to amplify a 94 nucleotide fragment using a Taqman assay.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of a Major Outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: 2006–2007

Nguku

Sharif²,

Mutonga

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Self Cite

170

200

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“…Natural viraemias in humans are 1-8 log 10 p.f.u. ml À1 (on average detected 3 days post onset) [14,43] and in livestock 6-8 log 10 p.f.u. ml À1 [4,44], lasting up to 5 days in calves and lambs [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes

Lumley

Horton

Hernandez-Triana

et al. 2017

Journal of General Virology

101

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Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus causing severe disease in humans and ruminants. Spread of RVFV out of Africa has raised concerns that it could emerge in Europe or the USA. Virus persistence is dependent on successful infection of, replication in, and transmission to susceptible vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, modulated by virushost and vector-virus interactions. The principal accepted theory for the long-term maintenance of RVFV involves vertical transmission (VT) of virus to mosquito progeny, with the virus surviving long inter-epizootic periods within the egg. This VT hypothesis, however, is yet to be comprehensively proven. Here, evidence for and against the VT of RVFV is reviewed along with the identification of factors limiting its detection in natural and experimental data. The observations of VT for other arboviruses in the genera Alphavirus, Flavivirus and Orthobunyavirus are discussed within the context of RVFV. The review concludes that VT of RVFV is likely but that current data are insufficient to irrefutably prove this hypothesis.

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“…[22][23][24] With a multitude of febrile tropical illnesses overlapping in geographical distribution with Rift Valley fever, 21,25,26 the disease can be difficult to identify in the early stages of an outbreak.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Rift Valley Fever May Present with a Characteristic Clinical Syndrome

Kahlon¹,

Peters²,

LeDuc³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is an emerging pathogen that is transmitted in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Egypt, and the Arabian peninsula. Outbreaks of RVF, like other diseases caused by hemorrhagic fever viruses, typically present in locations with very limited health resources, where initial diagnosis must be based only on history and physical examination. Although general signs and symptoms of human RVF have been documented, a specific clinical syndrome has not been described. In 2007, a Kenyan outbreak of RVF provided opportunity to assess acutely ill RVF patients and better delineate its presentation and clinical course. Our data reveal an identifiable clinical syndrome suggestive of severe RVF, characterized by fever, large-joint arthralgia, and gastrointestinal complaints and later followed by jaundice, right upper-quadrant pain, and delirium, often coinciding with hemorrhagic manifestations. Further characterization of a distinct RVF clinical syndrome will aid earlier detection of RVF outbreaks and should allow more rapid implementation of control.

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Using a Field Quantitative Real-Time PCR Test To Rapidly Identify Highly Viremic Rift Valley Fever Cases

Cited by 60 publications

References 23 publications

An Investigation of a Major Outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: 2006–2007

An Investigation of a Major Outbreak of Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: 2006–2007

Rift Valley fever virus: strategies for maintenance, survival and vertical transmission in mosquitoes

Severe Rift Valley Fever May Present with a Characteristic Clinical Syndrome

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