“…This is quite different from the conditions the powders experience during manufacture in a spray drier where they travel through ducting at approximately 20 m s À1 . Alternative tests that have been used for measuring the stickiness of dairy powders include the fluidised bed (Chatterjee, 2004;Toy, 2000), a cyclone tester (Boonyai, Bhandari, & Howes, 2004), the sticky-point temperature measured with a stirred cell (Downton, Flores-Luna, & King, 1982;Chuy & Labuza, 1994;Hennigs, Kockel, & Langrish, 2001;Wallack & King, 1988) and the particle gun (Chatterjee, 2004;Zuo, 2004;Zuo, Paterson, Bronlund, & Chatterjee, 2007). These tests generally either increase the temperature of a powder with fixed moisture content or increase the RH of the air being used to contact the particles at a constant temperature until the end point of the test is identified as the point where the particles stick together.…”