2014
DOI: 10.1007/s10508-014-0314-2
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Using a Two-Step Method to Measure Transgender Identity in Latin America/the Caribbean, Portugal, and Spain

Abstract: Few comparative data are available internationally to examine health differences by transgender identity. A barrier to monitoring the health and well-being of transgender people is the lack of inclusion of measures to assess natal sex/gender identity status in surveys. Data were from a cross-sectional anonymous online survey of members (n > 36,000) of a sexual networking website targeting men who have sex with men in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries/ territories in Latin America/the Caribbean, Portug… Show more

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Cited by 128 publications
(87 citation statements)
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“…Finally, measures were based on self-report, were not formally validated, and only reflect perceptions of stigma and accessibility; these measures are also subject to recall bias. The two-step method for identifying trans respondents has been evaluated in English, Spanish, and Portuguese [26,34], but its validity across diverse cultures and languages remains to be established [35]. …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Finally, measures were based on self-report, were not formally validated, and only reflect perceptions of stigma and accessibility; these measures are also subject to recall bias. The two-step method for identifying trans respondents has been evaluated in English, Spanish, and Portuguese [26,34], but its validity across diverse cultures and languages remains to be established [35]. …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Trans respondents were identified using a two-step method [26]; current gender identity and assigned sex at birth were ascertained. Those who reported a female natal sex and identified either as male or as trans men (parenthetically defined for respondents as female-to-male trans people) were classified as trans MSM.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Gender was assessed using a two-step method asking two items: (1) assigned sex at birth (female, male) and (2) current gender identity (man, woman, female-to-male (FTM)/trans man, male-to-female (MTF)/trans woman, genderqueer, gender variant, gender-nonconforming, other; Reisner et al, 2014b, 2014c). The two items were cross-tabulated to categorize participants as female-to-male (FTM) spectrum or male-to-female (MTF) spectrum according to their natal sex and current gender identity.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, when possible, more progressive research recommendations (Institute of Medicine, 2011; World Health Organization, 2014) suggest the necessary separation of gender identity and sexual orientation in both measurement and reporting. To both increase visibility and methodologically reduce the potential for misclassification, the two-step method, which asks about natal-sex and current gender identity, is a recommended strategy for measurement of both natal sex and current gender identity (Reisner et al, 2014; Singer, 2015). However, these best practices are not always possible, for example in meta-analyses where conflations or shifting definitions of population categories reported in individual studies cannot be overcome.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%