Using a Two-Tier Test to Examine Taiwanese Graduate Students’ Misunderstanding of Responsible Conduct of Research

Abstract

The present study investigates Taiwanese graduate students' general understanding and misunderstanding of Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR). A total of 580 graduate students responded to the self-developed Responsible Conduct of Research Reasoning Test. The results reveal that, first, students did not have sufficient knowledge to reason why a particular instance of research (mis)conduct was doable or not. Second, the statistical results show that female students, students majoring in the humanities or the social sciences, doctoral-level students, and students with RCR-related training outperformed others. In addition, the misbehaviors that students judged relatively uncritically comprise the following nine categories: (a) seeing authorship as a property or power, (b) misinterpreting research coauthors' responsibilities, (c) inaccurately conducting the informed-consent process, (d) fabricating and falsifying research data, (e) misinterpreting the correct citation of research sources, (f) holding vague concepts of self-plagiarism, (g) misinterpreting the Taiwan Copyright Act, (h) accepting duplicate-publication practices, and (i) accepting piecemeal publication practices. The present study discusses participative students' major misunderstandings of actual RCR-related practices. The study also presents further implications and suggestions based on the findings.

Identification of biology students’ misconceptions in human anatomy and physiology course through three-tier diagnostic test

“…Unlike the ordinary multiple-choice test, a two-tier diagnostic test provides more space for the test taker to reason and interpret their answer. Two-tier diagnostic test also helps the teacher identify students' errors based on their answer to the test and thus is efficient for a larger population (Pan & Chou, 2015). Research shows that a two-tier diagnostic test has several limitations (Romine, Schaffer & Barrow, 2015).…”