“…Information security training and awareness are two of the most effective offsets to mitigate the human risk posed to information security (Parsons, McCormac, Butavicius, Pattinson, & Jerram, 2014). Training is emphasized by Long (1999), Mangus (2002), Tobin and Ware (2005), Werner (2005), Witson (2003), and Yang (2001) among others. Observations ranged from a mild statement of "certain user practices contribute to information systems vulnerabilities" (Mangus, 2002, p. 5) to a sharp rebuke of "the average home user is clueless about security and should be required to obtain a license to log on to the internet" (Werner, 2005, p. 96).…”