Using an annual over-75 health check to screen for depression: validation of the short geriatric depression scale (GDS15) within general practice

Arthur, Antony; Jagger, Carol; Lindesay, James; Graham, Candida; Clarke, Michael

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199906)14:6<431::aid-gps937>3.0.co;2-i

Cited by 92 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A score of 5 or higher is 60% sensitive and 89% specific for a diagnosis of depressive disorder. 27 The scale has high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.80). 27 We chose to measure spirituality rather than religiosity because the notion of spirituality is meaningful to a broader population of patients.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 The scale has high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.80). 27 We chose to measure spirituality rather than religiosity because the notion of spirituality is meaningful to a broader population of patients. Measures of religiosity are often less inclusive in their questions, focusing on a notion of God or relationship with God that is most relevant to specific faith traditions.…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptom Burden, Depression, and Spiritual Well-Being: A Comparison of Heart Failure and Advanced Cancer Patients

et al. 2009

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Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom Burden, Depression, and Spiritual Well-Being: A Comparison of Heart Failure and Advanced Cancer Patients

et al. 2009

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“…The psychometric properties reported here therefore need to be verified when the scales are administered independently. In addition, the effectiveness that these short forms of the GDS (van Marwijk et al, 1993;D'Ath et al, 1994;Lyness et al, 1997;Arthur et al, 1999;Molloy et al, 2006) have shown in screening for depression …”

Section: Geriatric Depression Scale In Palliative Carementioning

confidence: 99%

The geriatric depression scale in palliative care

Crawford

Robinson

2008

Pall Supp Care

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Objective: This research examined the psychometric properties of previously published short forms of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in patients receiving palliative care. It also uses the full form of the GDS to examine the prevalence of nonsomatic symptoms of depression in palliative patients.Method: Participants were 84 patients with advanced cancer attending palliative care outpatient clinics. Scores for short forms of the GDS were derived from administering the original 30-item scale. Patients also completed the single item numerical analogue scale for depression from the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System and parallel numerical analogue scales for will-to-live and hope. A subset of the sample completed the measures twice. Short forms were judged on the extent to which they captured information gained from the full scale and their internal consistency, test -retest reliability, convergent and concurrent validity, and their distribution of scores.Results: Overall, five short forms showed good psychometric properties at both visits. Two of these forms were very brief. Some nonsomatic symptoms assessed on the full GDS were reported with high frequency. However, few individuals reported a large number of symptoms. At both visits, patients identified as likely to have severe depression gave different responses from other patients on most items on the GDS-30.Significance of results: Several short forms of the GDS may be appropriate for use in palliative care. Patients identified as likely to have severe depression showed many of the same symptoms that characterise depression in other geriatric populations.

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“…233 This scale has been validated in primary care patients and recommended for use with older people living in their own homes 234 and with care home residents. 150 Individual items are summed to provide a total of between 0 and 15 with scores between 5 and 9 indicating mild, and 10 or more, moderate to severe depression.…”

Section: Community Mental Health Teams For Older People: Aims and Metmentioning

confidence: 99%

National trends and local delivery in old age mental health services: towards an evidence base. A mixed-methodology study of the balance of care approach, community mental health teams and specialist mental health outreach to care homes

Challis

Tucker

Wilberforce

et al. 2014

Programme Grants for Applied Research

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BackgroundThe rising number of older people with mental health problems makes the effective use of mental health resources imperative. Little is known about the clinical effectiveness and/or cost-effectiveness of different service models.AimsThe programme aimed to (1) refine and apply an existing planning tool [‘balance of care’ (BoC)] to this client group; (2) identify whether, how and at what cost the mix of institutional and community services could be improved; (3) enable decision-makers to apply the BoC framework independently; (4) identify variation in the structure, organisation and processes of community mental health teams for older people (CMHTsOP); (5) examine whether or not different community mental health teams (CMHTs) models are associated with different costs/outcomes; (6) identify variation in mental health outreach services for older care home residents; (7) scope the evidence on the association between different outreach models and resident outcomes; and (8) disseminate the research findings to multiple stakeholder groups.MethodsThe programme employed a mixed-methods approach including three systematic literature reviews; a BoC study, which used a systematic framework for choosing between alternative patterns of support by identifying people whose needs could be met in more than one setting and comparing their costs/outcomes; a national survey of CMHTs’ organisation, structure and processes; a multiple case study of CMHTs exhibiting different levels of integration encompassing staff interviews, an observational study of user outcomes and a staff survey; national surveys of CMHTs’ outreach activities and care homes. A planned randomised trial of depression management in care homes was removed at the review stage by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) prior to funding award.ResultsBoC: Past studies exhibited several methodological limitations, and just two related to older people with mental health problems. The current study suggested that if enhanced community services were available, a substantial proportion of care home and inpatient admissions could be diverted, although only the latter would release significant monies. CMHTsOP: 60% of teams were considered multidisciplinary. Most were colocated, had a single point of access (SPA) and standardised assessment documentation. Evidence of the impact of particular CMHT features was limited. Although staff spoke positively about integration, no evidence was found that more integrated teams produced better user outcomes. Working in high-integration teams was associated with poor job outcomes, but other factors negated the statistical significance of this. Care home outreach: Typical services in the literature undertook some combination of screening (less common), assessment, medication review, behaviour management and training, and evidence suggested intervention can benefit depressed residents. Care home staff were perceived to lack necessary skills, but relatively few CMHTs provided formal training.LimitationsLimitations include a necessary reliance on observational rather than experimental methods, which were not feasible given the nature of the services explored.ConclusionsBoC: Shifting care towards the community would require the growth of support services; clarification of extra care housing’s (ECH) role; timely responses to people at risk of psychiatric admission; and improved hospital discharge planning. However, the promotion of care at home will not necessarily reduce public expenditure. CMHTsOP: Although practitioners favoured integration, its goals need clarification. Occupational therapists (OTs) and social workers faced difficulties identifying optimal roles, and support workers’ career structures needed delineating. Care home outreach: Further CMHT input to build care home staff skills and screen for depression may be beneficial. Priority areas for further study include the costs and benefits for older people of age inclusive mental health services and the relative cost-effectiveness of different models of mental health outreach for older care home residents.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Programme Grants for Applied Research programme.

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Using an annual over-75 health check to screen for depression: validation of the short geriatric depression scale (GDS15) within general practice

Cited by 92 publications

References 27 publications

Symptom Burden, Depression, and Spiritual Well-Being: A Comparison of Heart Failure and Advanced Cancer Patients

Symptom Burden, Depression, and Spiritual Well-Being: A Comparison of Heart Failure and Advanced Cancer Patients

The geriatric depression scale in palliative care

National trends and local delivery in old age mental health services: towards an evidence base. A mixed-methodology study of the balance of care approach, community mental health teams and specialist mental health outreach to care homes

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