Using an Eye-Tracking System to Improve Camera Motions and Depth-of-Field Blur Effects in Virtual Environments

Hillaire, Sébastien; Lécuyer, Anatole; Cozot, Rémi; Casiez, Géry

doi:10.1109/vr.2008.4480749

Cited by 101 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, there are other factors such Depth-of-Field (DoF) Blur that affect the perception of field of view. Hillaire et al (2008) mention that technologies such as eye and gaze tracking can be used to improve the Depth-of-Field Blur, considering that DoF simulates the fact that humans perceive sharp objects only within some range of distance around the focal distance, and thus humans do not use the whole FOV at the same time. Hillaire et al (2008) concluded that eye and gaze tracking technologies could be used to exploit visual effects that depend on the user's focal point, aiming to increase usage comfort and immersion within VR systems.…”

Section: Integration With Eye and Gaze Tracking Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for creating interactive, user-resembling avatars

Silva

Moioli²

2017

PeerJ Computer Science

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Virtual reality (VR) applications have disseminated throughout several fields, with a special quest for immersion. The avatar is one of the key constituents of immersive applications, and avatar resemblance can provoke diverse emotional responses from the user. Yet a lot a virtual reality systems struggle to implement real life-like avatars. In this work, we propose a novel method for creating interactive, user-resembling avatars using available commercial hardware and software. Avatar visualization is possible with a point-cloud or a contiguous polygon surface, and avatar interactions with the virtual scenario happens through a body joint-approximation for contact. In addition, the implementation could be easily extended to other systems and its modular architecture admits improvement both on visualization and physical interactions. The code is under Apache License 2.0 and is freely available as Supplemental Information 1 in this article.

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Section: Integration With Eye and Gaze Tracking Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for creating interactive, user-resembling avatars

Silva

Moioli²

2017

PeerJ Computer Science

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“…Hillaire et al [26] found that users prefer graphics rendered gaze-contingent DoF effects over the CG in focus. On the contrary, just applying DoF effects [27] did not improve user performance.…”

Section: Impact Of Dof Renderingmentioning

confidence: 99%

EyeAR: Refocusable Augmented Reality Content through Eye Measurements

Rompapas

Rovira

Plopski

et al. 2017

MTI

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Augmented Reality (AR) superimposes computer graphics (CG) onto a user's view of the real world. A key quality problem in this field is to achieve coherence between reality and CG when the user's eyes refocus or change pupil size. We designed and evaluated a display that improves coherence by measuring the user's eye state and continuously adapting CG accordingly. Our tabletop prototype emulates an Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Display, a common AR display device. In our evaluation, participants observed three pillars at different depths. We then challenged them to identify a virtual pillar among the three while freely refocusing their eyes. Results show that our design significantly improved realism. Compared to Light Field Displays, our design aims to simplify display-optics while providing similar quality. We could only partially achieve this goal. We discuss the lessons we learned and how we plan to overcome the remaining challenges. The experimental protocol from our evaluation is useful for display developers as it can be used to measure the coherence of a display.

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“…Examples of the first group of applications include studying players' gaze patterns in 3D video games to improve level design and graphics [33], to improve gaze behaviour and body animations of virtual agents [34] and to enhance the rendering of depth-of-field blur effects [35].…”

Section: Gaze and 3d User Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Investigation of Gaze Selection in Mid-Air Gestural 3D Manipulation

Velloso

Turner

Alexander

et al. 2015

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. In this work, we investigate gaze selection in the context of mid-air hand gestural manipulation of 3D rigid bodies on monoscopic displays. We present the results of a user study with 12 participants in which we compared the performance of Gaze, a Raycasting technique (2D Cursor) and a Virtual Hand technique (3D Cursor) to select objects in two 3D mid-air interaction tasks. Also, we compared selection confirmation times for Gaze selection when selection is followed by manipulation to when it is not. Our results show that gaze selection is faster and more preferred than 2D and 3D mid-air-controlled cursors, and is particularly well suited for tasks in which users constantly switch between several objects during the manipulation. Further, selection confirmation times are longer when selection is followed by manipulation than when it is not.

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Using an Eye-Tracking System to Improve Camera Motions and Depth-of-Field Blur Effects in Virtual Environments

Cited by 101 publications

References 7 publications

A method for creating interactive, user-resembling avatars

A method for creating interactive, user-resembling avatars

EyeAR: Refocusable Augmented Reality Content through Eye Measurements

An Empirical Investigation of Gaze Selection in Mid-Air Gestural 3D Manipulation

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