“…Only professions that were involved in five or more reviewed studies are presented in Table IV. Carbonaro et al, 2008Chen, Klein, & Minor, 2009Clouder et al, 2011Connor, 2003Djukic et al, 2012Juntunen & Heikkinen, 2004Kinghorn, 2005Kovacich, 1996Luke et al, 2009Lund, Lam, & Parks, 2002Meyer et al, 2005Miers et al, 2007Richardson & Cooper, 2003Robinson, Hills, & Kelly, 2011Santy et al, 2009Schonfield & Spetman, 2007Skorga, 2002Solomon & King, 2010 Asynchronous discussions appeared as a technology-mediated instructional modality for IPE more often than any other in the reviewed studies Most studies reported positive outcomes at the reaction level (1) measured by questionnaires, surveys, focus groups, and interviews. Bendz et al (2001) hosted online discussions with students and learners, concluding that the online course was ''useful and very interesting,'' but that technical difficulties impeded the learning process.…”