“…Despite their importance, collocations have been found to be troublesome to language learners from a variety of different language backgrounds (e.g., German, Thai, Japanese, Taiwanese, Arabic, and Vietnamese) (Bahns & Eldaw, 1993;Cao & Badger, 2021;Huang, 2001;Koya, 2003;Mahmoud, 2005;Phoocharoensil, 2012) as well as those at different language levels (Laufer & Waldman, 2011;Nesselhauf, 2005). Collocations of verb-noun and adjective-noun patterns have been claimed to be the types encountered most often in English texts and the most problematic for learners attempting language production (Cao & Deignan, 2019).…”