Using ankle-brachial index to detect peripheral arterial disease: Prevalence and associated risk factors in a random population sample

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Peripheral Artery Disease among Patients on Maintenance Peritoneal Dialysis

“…However, it was much higher than its prevalence in communitybased populations [5,[14][15][16] , diabetic populations [17] , and patients with other cardiovascular risk factors [6,16] .…”

“…However, it is not clear whether stopping smoking or other confounding factors may have contributed to this disassociation. While hypertension has been found to be an independent risk factor for PAD in various populations [5,14,17,20] , few studies have investigated such a relationship in ESRD patients. Two previous studies on hemodialysis patients failed to show an association between systolic BP and PAD [18,21] .…”

“…Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), an atherosclerotic process manifested in the lower extremity, is a common problem that not only affects quality of life but is also associated with mortality in hemodialysis patients [1][2][3][4] . Many traditional risk factors for CVD such as old age, hypertension, diabetic history, lipid disorders, smoking, decreased serum albumin, obesity, and chronic inflammation [by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)] have all been found to be associated with PAD in ESRD patients [5][6][7][8] . However, little attention was paid to PAD in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.…”

Peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes and postprandial lipidaemia: Is there a link?

“…Of patients who attended an angiology office in Spain due to intermittent claudication and who underwent arterial surgery or had an ABI ≤ 0.9, 67% had diabetes mellitus [16] . Population-based studies in Spain, undertaken in either the general population or at various levels of care, showed that the presence of diabetes mellitus doubled or even tripled the possibility of having PAD (Table 1) [6, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . The prevalence of an ABI < 0.9 in series of Spanish patients with diabetes ranges from 21% to 60% (Table 1) [8, 24,25] .…”

“…The prevalence of an ABI < 0.9 in series of Spanish patients with diabetes ranges from 21% to 60% (Table 1) [8, 24,25] . In the autonomous communities of Andalusia and the Canary Islands, 72% of all lower-limb amputations between 1996 and 2006 involved patients with diabetes [23,26,27] . In patients with diabetes, for every 1% increase in haemoglobin A1c there is a corresponding 26% increased risk of PAD [28] .…”