Using Antisense RNA to Study Gene Function: Inhibition of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Transgenic Tomatoes

Bird, Colin R.; Ray, John A.; Fletcher, Jonathon D.; Boniwell, Jeremy M.; Bird, Alison; Teulières, Chantal; Blain, Ian; Bramley, Peter M.; Schuch, Wolfgang

doi:10.1038/nbt0791-635

Cited by 134 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…3), and thus do not mediate their effect via enhanced ethylene levels, the latter has been shown to play an important role in ripening-related accumulation of carotenoids. Not only does ethylene regulate phytoene synthase in tomato fruit (Bird et al, 1991), but fruit harboring mutations at a locus (Nr) postulated to encode an ethylene receptor (Yen et al, 1995) exhibit dramatically reduced carotenoid accumulation (Rick and Butler, 1956). It appears, therefore, that both ethylene and fruit-localized phytochromes modulate carotenogenesis in these fruit.…”

Section: Fruit-localized Phytochromes Are Not Global Regulators Of Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit-Localized Phytochromes Regulate Lycopene Accumulation Independently of Ethylene Production in Tomato

2000

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We show that phytochromes modulate differentially various facets of light-induced ripening of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Northern analysis demonstrated that phytochrome A mRNA in fruit accumulates 11.4-fold during ripening. Spectroradiometric measurement of pericarp tissues revealed that the red to far-red ratio increases 4-fold in pericarp tissues during ripening from the immature-green to the red-ripe stage. Brief red-light treatment of harvested mature-green fruit stimulated lycopene accumulation 2.3-fold during fruit development. This red-light-induced lycopene accumulation was reversed by subsequent treatment with far-red light, establishing that light-induced accumulation of lycopene in tomato is regulated by fruit-localized phytochromes. Red-light and red-light/far-red-light treatments during ripening did not influence ethylene production, indicating that the biosynthesis of this ripening hormone in these tissues is not regulated by fruit-localized phytochromes. Compression analysis of fruit treated with red light or red/far-red light indicated that phytochromes do not regulate the rate or extent of pericarp softening during ripening. Moreover, treatments with red or red/far-red light did not alter the concentrations of citrate, malate, fructose, glucose, or sucrose in fruit. These results are consistent with two conclusions: (a) fruit-localized phytochromes regulate light-induced lycopene accumulation independently of ethylene biosynthesis; and (b) fruit-localized phytochromes are not global regulators of ripening, but instead regulate one or more specific components of this developmental process.

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Section: Fruit-localized Phytochromes Are Not Global Regulators Of Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit-Localized Phytochromes Regulate Lycopene Accumulation Independently of Ethylene Production in Tomato

2000

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“…comes from studies in tomato, where lines over-expressing an antisense Psy showed a reduction in fruit carotenoid levels (44). The difference(s) between alleles could be in either cis-acting regulatory sequences or the structure of the enzyme; both types of polymorphism have been seen in studies relating QTL and structural genes (e.g., refs.…”

Section: Testing Associations Between Classical Color and Carotenoid mentioning

confidence: 99%

Candidate gene analysis of organ pigmentation loci in the Solanaceae

Thorup

Tanyolaç

Livingstone

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

172

127

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Ten structural genes from the Capsicum (pepper) carotenoid biosynthetic pathway have been localized on a (Capsicum annuum ؋ Capsicum chinense)F 2 genetic map anchored in Lycopersicon (tomato). The positions of these genes were compared with positions of the same genes in tomato when known, and with loci from pepper, potato, and tomato that affect carotenoid levels in different tissues. C2, one of three phenotypically defined loci determining pepper fruit color, cosegregated with phytoene synthase. The capsanthin-capsorubin synthase (Ccs) locus, shown previously to cosegregate with Y, another pepper fruit color locus, mapped to pepper chromosome 6. Other structural genes in pepper corresponded to loci affecting carotenoid production as follows: Ccs in pepper and the B locus for hyperaccumulation of ␤-carotene in tomato fruit mapped to homeologous regions; the position of the lycopene ␤-cyclase gene in pepper may correspond to the lutescent-2 mutation in tomato; and the lycopene -cyclase locus in pepper corresponded to the lycopene -cyclase locus͞Del mutation for hyperaccumulation of ␦-carotene in tomato fruit. Additional associations were seen between the structural genes and previously mapped loci controlling quantitative variation in pepper and tomato fruit color. These results demonstrate that comparative analyses using candidate genes may be used to link specific metabolic phenotypes and loci that affect these phenotypes in related species.

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“…However, variable effects of the introduced antisense RNA genes in ripening tomatoes have been observed earlier (Sheehy et al, 1988;Smith et al, 1988;Hamilton et al, 1990;Bird et al, 1991;Oeller et al, 1991). Part of the observed heterogeneity could be due to the influence of bordering sequences on the expression of the introduced gene (van der Krol et al, 1988).…”

Section: Patterns Of Pme Gene Expression In Fruits From Transgenic Plmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Antisense Pectin Methylesterase Gene Alters Pectin Chemistry and Soluble Solids in Tomato Fruit.

et al. 1992

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Pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.11) demethoxylates pectins and is believed to be involved in degradation of pectic cell wall components by polygalacturonase in ripening tomato fruit. We have introduced antisense and sense chimeric PME genes into tomato to elucidate the role of PME in fruit development and ripening. Fruits from transgenic plants expressing high levels of antisense PME RNA showed

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Using Antisense RNA to Study Gene Function: Inhibition of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Transgenic Tomatoes

Cited by 134 publications

References 22 publications

Fruit-Localized Phytochromes Regulate Lycopene Accumulation Independently of Ethylene Production in Tomato

Fruit-Localized Phytochromes Regulate Lycopene Accumulation Independently of Ethylene Production in Tomato

Candidate gene analysis of organ pigmentation loci in the Solanaceae

An Antisense Pectin Methylesterase Gene Alters Pectin Chemistry and Soluble Solids in Tomato Fruit.

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