Using Applied Electrochemistry to Obtain Nanoporous TiO2 Films on Ti6Al4V Implant Alloys and Their Preclinical In Vitro Characterization in Biological Solutions

Abstract

Nanoporous TiO2 film is deposited on grade 5 Ti6Al4V implant alloy by electrochemical oxidation. The nanopores of the film, as highlighted by electron microscopy, have a mean diameter of 58.6 nm, which is measured and calculated from an average value of 10 measurements. The increase in oxygen concentration compared to the untreated alloy, which indicates the oxidation of the titanium alloy surface, is visualized using X-ray spectroscopy coupled to an electron microscope. The beneficial effect of the oxidation and controlled formation of the TiO2 film on the implant alloy is proven by the comparative evaluation of degradation over time through the corrosion of both the untreated alloy and the alloy with an electrochemically formed and controlled TiO2 film in Hank’s solution, which simulates the most corrosive biological fluid, blood. The results show that the electrochemical modification of the grade 5 titanium alloy to form a nanoporous TiO2 surface film using the electrochemical oxidation method confirms the potential of improving the anticorrosive properties of titanium alloys used in implant applications.

pH Sensing for Early Detection of Septic Inflammation Based on Intrinsic Titanium β-Alloy Nanotubular Oxides

“…This is consistent with the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impedance spectra were evaluated using an equivalent circuit that describes a compact oxide layer (Figure 4a,d) [31,32], where the resistance R 1 represents the charge transfer resistance and the CPE 1 (constant phase element) is equivalent to the combined capacitance of the passive layer and the electrical double layer. The goodness of fit (χ 2 ), which is the calculated sum of the weighted residuals, was on the level of 10 −4 or better.…”

Preparation, Characterization and Electrochemical Response of Nanostructured TiAlV with Potentiostatically Deposited IrOx as a pH Sensor for Rapid Detection of Inflammation

“…TiO 2 boasts a reputation for being non-toxic, environmentally friendly and corrosion-resistant, further enhancing its appeal for diverse applications. Of particular note is its remarkable biocompatibility, making it invaluable for medical applications, where materials must interact safely with biological systems [23,24]. Moreover, TiO 2 exhibits unique ionic and electrical properties, distinguishing it from other oxides and amplifying its utility in sensor technologies.…”