Using case study analysis to develop heuristics to guide new filmmaking techniques in embodied virtual reality films

Carpio, Rudy; Birt, James R.; Baumann, Oliver

doi:10.1080/17510694.2023.2171336

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The showcased movie was Gala (Carpio 2022), as it was developed for the purpose of this study and in line with published virtual reality movie production guidelines (Carpio et al 2023). Before and after the movie experience, participants were asked to complete the self-report surveys and participant objective data were measured.…”

Section: Movie Set-up and Baseline Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our approach comprises of a combination of self-report (interviews, questionnaires) and objective measures (heart rate and brain activity measures) to measure the cognitive and affective impact of new generation movies. More specifically, in the current study we compare a VR movie with a 2D version of the same movie created using a virtual production process (Carpio et al 2023). This approach might be valuable for the film industry to better assess its content and may open the way for a new interdisciplinary field of research application and new job roles (Carpio and Birt 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the viewer experience of interactive virtual reality movies

Carpio,

Baumann,

Birt

2023

Virtual Reality

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Significant advances in virtual reality (VR) technology have called into question the traditional methods of cinema storytelling and dissemination. New VR devices, such as the Meta (Oculus) Quest, have expanded the possibilities for viewing movies. The purpose of this study is to compare the emotional and cognitive impacts of VR and traditional 2D movies. In this study, sixty volunteers were divided into two groups and presented a movie (Gala) in 2D or VR format. We employed a multimodal method to assess the cognitive and emotional effects of the film both during and after watching. Our technique combined self-reports, interviews, questionnaires, and objective heart rate and EEG brain activity data. After quantitative and qualitative evaluation, it was discovered, that regardless of media, there was a substantial influence of the movie on the emotional state of the participant’s mood. Moreover, compared to the traditional 2D-movie, the VR movie led to more consistent and robust positive effect on all aspects of self-rated affect. The difference in self-reported mood was corroborated by reduced EEG amplitudes in the beta frequency band, indicating higher levels of positive affectivity, which was only observed for the VR movie. Lastly, the VR movie also leads to overall higher self-rated immersion and engagement than the 2D version. Our results highlight the potential of VR movies to engage and emotionally affect audiences beyond traditional cinema. Moreover, our study highlights the value of using a multidisciplinary method for analysing audience impacts.

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Section: Movie Set-up and Baseline Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the viewer experience of interactive virtual reality movies

Carpio,

Baumann,

Birt

2023

Virtual Reality

Self Cite

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“…In industries such as animation and the visual industry, simulation is used to create realistic motion and deformation of characters and objects. Similarly, in film and advertising, graphic simulations are essential for creating high-quality visual effects and animations that are difficult to achieve real-time performance with traditional techniques [9,10]. However, these simulations are often computationally expensive, requiring a significant amount of computing resources and time to produce realistic and accurate results [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Simulation of Volumetric Deformable Objects in Unity3D: GPU-Accelerated Position-Based Dynamics

Choi

Hong

2023

Electronics

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This paper proposes an efficient approach for simulating volumetric deformable objects using the Position-Based Dynamics (PBD) method. Volumetric bodies generated by TetGen are used to represent three-dimensional objects, which accurately capture complex shapes and volumes. However, when a large number of constraints are applied to the system to solve using serialized algorithms on central processing units (CPU), the computational cost can become a bottleneck of the simulation. To address this issue, the proposed implementation algorithm takes advantage of graphic processing unit (GPU) acceleration and parallel processing to improve the efficiency of the simulation. We propose two specific contributions: firstly, the use of the PBD method with volume constraint for tetrahedral elements to simulate volumetric deformable objects realistically; secondly, an efficient GPU-accelerated algorithm for implementing the PBD method that significantly improves computational efficiency. We also applied the node-centric and constraint-centric algorithms to solve the stretch constraint in the GPU-based algorithm. The implementation was performed using Unity3D. The compute shader feature of Unity3D was utilized to perform thousands of parallel computations in a single pass, making it possible to simulate large and complex objects in real-time. The performance of the simulation can be accelerated by using GPU-based methods with stretch and bending constraints, which provides significant speedup factors compared to using only the CPU for deformable objects such as Bunny, Armadillo, and Dragon. The constraint-centric and node-centric GPU approaches provide speedup factors of up to 8.9x and 8x, respectively, while the GPU-based methods with all types of constraints exhibit a slight decrease but still operate at real-time speeds. Overall, this approach enables the simulation of complex and irregular shapes with plausible and realistic results, while also achieving speed, robustness, and flexibility. Additionally, the proposed approach can be applied to general simulation and other game engines that support GPU-based acceleration.

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