Using Cell Cultures for the Investigation of Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Advances in basic and molecular biology have promoted the use of cell cultures in a wide range of areas, including the evaluation of drug efficacy, safety and toxicity. Objective: This article aims to provide a general overview of the methodological parameters of cell cultures used to investigate therapeutic options for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Methods: A systematic search was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and DOAJ. In vitro experimental studies using cell cultures were included. Results: A total of 328 studies were initially identified, with 16 included for qualitative synthesis. Seven studies used neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and PC12 cell line) and nine used nonneuronal cells. All the studies described the culture conditions, but most studies were inconsistent with regard to reporting results and raw data. Only one-third of the studies performed cell viability assays, while a further 30% conducted gene expression analysis. Other additional tests included electrophysiological evaluation and transporter activity. More than 50% of the studies evaluated the effects of drugs such as methylphenidate and atomoxetine, while plant extracts were assessed in four studies and polyunsaturated fatty acids in one. Conclusion: We suggested a flowchart to guide the planning and execution of studies, and a checklist to be completed by authors to allow the standardized reporting of results. This may guide the elaboration of laboratory protocols and further in vitro studies.

Chemical Constituents, Anticancer and Anti-Proliferative Potential of Limonium Species: A Systematic Review

“…In this scenario, it was suggested that a checklist grounded on pharmacognostic literature of medicinal plants should be completed by researchers and authors prior to publication to standardize the conduction and reporting of studies in this field (see Supplementary Materials, Table S3 ). It was also encouraged that another checklist published by Chierrito et al [ 70 ] be used for reporting experimental in vitro studies, including data on cell culture (e.g., identification of culture type, growth medium used, number of passages, incubation temperature (exact 0.0 °C), atmosphere conditions (exact 0.0% CO 2 ), and methods used).…”

“…A standardized form was used to collect data on the studies’ general characteristics (e.g., authors, publication date, country), bioassay type, methodological aspects, and main results. The adapted tool for in vitro assays and the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool were used to assess the studies’ risk of bias and methodological quality in the Supplementary Materials (Tables S1 and S2) [ 70 , 73 ].…”

Anti-adhesive Activity of Maytenus ilicifolia Against Helicobacter pylori

“…For cell viability determination and for the anti-adhesive assay, human adherent gastric adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (AGS, ATCC CRL-1739) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) were used, originating from the gastric adenocarcinoma of a 54-year-old Caucasian woman, cultivated at 37 °C/5% CO 2 (Chierrito et al 2019) in RPMI 1640 with l-glutamine medium, 10% FCS (v/v), and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (v/v). To investigate the influence of test extracts on the mitochondrial activity and the viability of AGS cells, MTT assay was performed according to Gottesmann et al (2020b).…”

Microstructured Polymer System Containing Proanthocyanidin-Enriched Extract from Limonium brasiliense as a Prophylaxis Strategy to Prevent Recurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis

“…However, it has been widely used in studies related to periodontitis, especially with Pg. KB cells were cultured in EMEM (Biochrom), supplemented with 8.0 % (v/v) FBS (Superior, Biochrom), 1.0 % minimum essential medium (MEM) nonessential amino acids (100 × solution) (GE Health Care Products), and 50 µg/mL gentamicin (Sigma-Aldrich) at 5.0 % CO 2 /37.0 °C [40]. Passaging was performed twice a week to a maximum of 15 passages.…”