Using CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) Energy Technologies to Support Wind and Solar Power in Renewable-Heavy Electricity Systems

Brummen, Anna Catherine van; Adams, Benjamin M.; Wu, Raphael; Ogland-Hand, Jonathan D.; Saar, Martin O.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3880268

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…For example, even with an assumed net-to-gross ratio of 10%, there is still geology in South Dakota that could support <$150/ MWh or cheaper power generation, depending on the financing of CPG. As South Dakota is not well-known for having geothermal energy resources amenable for power generation, Figure 2 supports our prior work that suggests CPG could vastly expand the geothermal resource base (Adams et al, 2021;Van Brummen et al, 2022). On the other hand, because there is also geology across PCOR that cannot support CPG geothermal power generation, even with a net-to-gross ratio of 60%, Figure 2 simultaneously demonstrates that CPG cannot expand the geothermal resource base to any location within a sedimentary basin.…”

Section: Geospatial Cost Of Cpg Power Capacity and Co 2 Storagesupporting

confidence: 73%

“…While water is traditionally used to extract geothermal heat for power production, our prior work demonstrated that using CO 2 results in more geothermal heat extracted and in lower-cost electricity generation (Adams et al, 2021(Adams et al, , 2015. As a consequence, it is possible that CPG technology could expand the geothermal power resource base to include sedimentary basins, which have historically been excluded from geothermal power assessments (Adams et al, 2021;Van Brummen et al, 2022).…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Geospatial Cost Comparison of CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) Power and Geologic CO2 Storage

et al. 2022

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CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) power plants can use gigatonne-levels of CO2 sequestration to generate electricity, but it is unknown if the resources that support low-cost CPG power align with the resources that support low-cost CO2 sequestration. Here, we estimate and compare the geospatially-distributed cost of CPG and CO2 storage across a portion of North America. We find that the locations with lowest-cost CO2 storage are different than the locations with lowest-cost CPG. There are also locations with low-cost CO2 storage (<$5/tCO2) that do not support CPG power generation due to insufficient reservoir transmissivity or temperature. Thus, CPG development may require electricity prices that are greater than the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) to offset the increased cost of sequestration. We introduce the “Additional Cost of Electricity (ACOE)” metric to account for this cost and add it to the LCOE to calculate breakeven electricity prices that are required for CPG development. We find that breakeven prices are lower when new CO2 injection wells are drilled specifically for CPG (i.e., “greenfield” CPG development) compared to if only existing CO2 sequestration injection wells are used (i.e., “brownfield” CPG development). This is because comparatively few wells are needed for sequestration-only, and the increased power capacity from having more CPG wells outweighs the increased costs from more drilling. We also find that sequestered CO2 could be used to approximately triple the United States geothermal electricity power capacity via a single CPG “sweet spot” in South Dakota, but that breakeven electricity price for this development is on the order of $200/MWeh.

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Section: Geospatial Cost Of Cpg Power Capacity and Co 2 Storagesupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Geospatial Cost Comparison of CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) Power and Geologic CO2 Storage

et al. 2022

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“…Finally, yet importantly, the works by Brummen et al [34], Schifflechner et al [35], and Norouzi et al [36] have to be mentioned as the most recent studies in the CPG field. Brummen et al [34] explored the feasibility of utilizing CPG power plants and "CPG-F facilities" combined with wind and solar energy sources to tackle the challenges posed by variability and intermittency. They employed plant-scale and power grid-level optimization models to determine the optimal power capacities under different scenarios.…”

Section: Overview Of Past Research On Cpg Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Geothermal Solutions for Urban Energy Challenges: A Focus on CO2 Plume Geothermal Systems

Antoneas,

Koronaki

2024

Energies

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The utilization of geological formations, distinguished by natural porosity and permeability and protected by low-permeability caprock, has emerged as an effective strategy for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. This method significantly contributes to mitigating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the challenges of climate change. Recent research has unveiled the potential of CO2 to enhance geothermal heat energy extraction in geothermal reservoirs by acting as a subsurface heat exchange fluid. This review paper explores the viability of CO2 in augmenting geothermal heat energy extraction, comparing it to conventional water-based geothermal systems. Special emphasis is placed on CO2 plume geothermal (CPG) systems, characterized by rapid deployment and long-term utilization of geothermal energy resources. With the overarching objective of establishing net-zero energy communities, the analysis of such systems offers a comprehensive understanding of their features, providing a fresh perspective on extracted energy within the context of energy supply in integrated, sustainable energy in built systems. Notably, these systems demonstrate efficacy in meeting the power requirements of an energy community, spanning both distinct heating and electricity needs. However, the key challenge lies in selecting suitable locations. This scientific review aims to comprehend the characteristics of CPG under specific temperature and pressure conditions while optimizing subsurface permeability. This insight is pivotal for identifying future locations for CPG operations with the intent of powering small energy communities.

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“…While geothermal energy itself is consistent, the challenge lies in the location specificity of viable geothermal resources. Storage challenges are less pronounced in geothermal systems compared to solar and wind, as the continuous nature of geothermal power generation reduces the immediate need for extensive storage solutions (Van Brummen et al, 2022). Hydropower exploits the energy of flowing water, typically from rivers or dams, to generate electricity.…”

Section: Other Renewable Sources Of Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of innovative approaches in renewable energy storage

Darlington Eze Ekechukwu,

Peter Simpa

2024

Int. j. appl. res. soc. sci.

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As the world confronts the challenges of climate change and strives to transition towards sustainable energy systems, the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid has become paramount. However, the inherently intermittent nature of renewables necessitates effective and reliable energy storage solutions to ensure a stable and resilient energy supply. This paper presents a thorough and comprehensive review of the innovative approaches undertaken in the field of renewable energy storage. The exploration begins with a detailed analysis of various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, geothermal, and hydro, outlining their unique contributions to the global energy landscape. Emphasis is placed on the challenges associated with intermittency and the critical role that advanced energy storage technologies play in mitigating these challenges. The review encompasses an in-depth examination of existing energy storage technologies, ranging from well-established solutions such as lithium-ion batteries and pumped hydro storage to newer developments like sodium-ion batteries and flywheel energy storage. Each technology is scrutinized for its advantages, limitations, and current deployment scenarios. Furthermore, the paper delves into cutting-edge innovations, including the latest advancements in battery technologies such as solid-state batteries and organic flow batteries. Additionally, it explores emerging approaches like thermal energy storage and gravity-based energy storage, providing a holistic understanding of the evolving landscape. Through a critical analysis of economic considerations, environmental impacts, and the regulatory landscape, the review highlights the complex interplay between technology, policy, and market forces in shaping the future of renewable energy storage. The paper concludes with insights into potential integration strategies, recommendations for future research directions, and the role of policy and industry initiatives in fostering a sustainable and resilient energy storage ecosystem. This comprehensive review aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on advancing renewable energy storage technologies and fostering a transition towards a more sustainable and reliable energy future. Keywords: Innovative, Renewable, Energy, Storage, Review.

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Using CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) Energy Technologies to Support Wind and Solar Power in Renewable-Heavy Electricity Systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

A Geospatial Cost Comparison of CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) Power and Geologic CO2 Storage

A Geospatial Cost Comparison of CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG) Power and Geologic CO2 Storage

Geothermal Solutions for Urban Energy Challenges: A Focus on CO2 Plume Geothermal Systems

A comprehensive review of innovative approaches in renewable energy storage

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