Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Improve the Bi-Directional Nasal Drug Delivery Concept

Kleven, Marit; Melaaen, Morten C.; Reimers, Martin; Røtnes, J.S.; Aurdal, Lars; Djupesland, Per G.

doi:10.1205/fbp.04403

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There is a lack of consistency in the literature on the number and type of grid elements required to provide numerically accurate CFD solutions for studies involving sinonasal insilico analysis of airflow and particulate matter, (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) even though most investigators performed airflow simulation using the finite volume method software package, FluentÔ (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA). Among studies where mesh density analyses were reported, some authors failed to report details regarding how mesh refinement was done to achieve grid-independent numerical solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among studies where mesh density analyses were reported, some authors failed to report details regarding how mesh refinement was done to achieve grid-independent numerical solutions. (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)18) In situations where particle transport was simulated (Table 1), the mesh structure utilized varied; some authors utilized unstructured tetrahedral meshes, (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)19,20) whereas other investigators used a hybrid of tetrahedral and prism meshes. (1)(2)(3)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)21,22) The inclusion of prism boundary layers increases mesh density near airway walls and is generally considered to provide more accurate near-wall particle trajectory calculations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Mesh Density on Airflow and Particle Deposition in Sinonasal Airway Modeling

Frank‐Ito

WoffordMatthew

SchroeterJeffry

et al. 2016

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Mesh Density on Airflow and Particle Deposition in Sinonasal Airway Modeling

Frank‐Ito

WoffordMatthew

SchroeterJeffry

et al. 2016

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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“…The deposition can be calculated separately for each region of the respiratory system. Zhang and Kleinstreuer (2004), Kleven et al (2005), Zhu et al (2011), Agnihotri et al (2014, and Ghahramani et al (2014) studied the deposition of aerosols in the extrathoracic region and showed that particles with diameters smaller than 0.01 μm and larger than 1 μm preferentially deposit in this portion of the respiratory system. In the bronchial and bronchiolar regions, the deposition depends on the particle diameter and the generation (Saber and Heydari 2012;Zhang et al 2002;Chen et al 2012a;Chen et al 2012b;Piglione et al 2012;Imai et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Evaluation of the Influence of Physical Mechanisms, Particle Size, and Breathing Condition on the Deposition of Particulates in a Triple Bifurcation Airway

Augusto

Gonçalves

Lopes

2016

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Particle deposition in the human lungs is mainly influenced by the fluid dynamics and the particle properties, such as the size and the deposition mechanisms. A three-dimensional gas particle flow model to predict particle deposition and flow patterns in four generations of the human lung, located in the bronchial region, is presented in this paper. Four breathing conditions (sleep, resting, moderate activity, and intense activity) were simulated, using the commercial code ANSYS Fluent ® version 14.5. The particle diameter was varied from 1 to 10 μm. The results showed that deposition in each of the three bifurcations was not uniform and should be analyzed separately based on particle diameter. The influence of gravitational settling and Brownian diffusion on particle deposition was also investigated and quantified. The greater difference in the deposition between cases considering these physical mechanisms and not considering it occurred in situations involving lower velocity, showing a value of 172 % for gravitational settling mechanism and a difference of 11 % for Brownian diffusion. Furthermore, it was observed that the total deposition increased with the Reynolds and Stokes numbers, suggesting that exercise practices should be avoided in situations with high levels of suspended particulate matter.

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“…Other studies using computational simulations aim to address a documented need for a more objective assessment of nasal function (Eccles 2000;Hanif et al 2000) and to provide surgeons with a pre-operative insight into the post-operative implications of different surgical procedures (Lindemann et al 2005;Wexler et al 2005) as well as consideration of pathological conditions (Garcia et al 2007). Computational simulations can also provide probabilistic maps of particle deposition in the nasal passages (Kleven et al 2005;Schroeter et al 2006;Shi et al 2006Shi et al , 2007. Such information could also benefit toxicologists by identifying how inhaled airborne pathogens or particulates are transported to the nasal passageways from the external environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflow boundary profile prescription for numerical simulation of nasal airflow

Taylor

Doorly

Schroter

2009

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Knowledge of how air flows through the nasal passages relies heavily on model studies, as the complexity and relative inaccessibility of the anatomy prevents detailed in vivo measurement. Almost all models to date fail to incorporate the geometry of the external nose, instead employing a truncated inflow. Typically, flow is specified to enter the model domain either directly at the nares (nostrils), or via an artificial pipe inflow tract attached to the nares. This study investigates the effect of the inflow geometry on flow predictions during steady nasal inspiration. Models that fully replicate the internal and external nasal airways of two anatomically distinct subjects are used as a reference to compare the effects of common inflow treatments on physiologically relevant quantities including regional wall shear stress and particle residence time distributions. Inflow geometry truncation is found to affect flow predictions significantly, though slightly less so for the subject displaying more pronounced passage area contraction up to the internal nasal valve. For both subject geometries, a tapered pipe inflow provides a better approximation to the natural inflow than a blunt velocity profile applied to the nares. Computational modelling issues are also briefly outlined, by comparing quantities predicted using different surface tessellations, and by evaluation of domain-splitting techniques.

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Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to Improve the Bi-Directional Nasal Drug Delivery Concept

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of Mesh Density on Airflow and Particle Deposition in Sinonasal Airway Modeling

Influence of Mesh Density on Airflow and Particle Deposition in Sinonasal Airway Modeling

CFD Evaluation of the Influence of Physical Mechanisms, Particle Size, and Breathing Condition on the Deposition of Particulates in a Triple Bifurcation Airway

Inflow boundary profile prescription for numerical simulation of nasal airflow

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