“…The lines were phenotyped for germination using the automated PHENOSEM platform at GEVES (Angers, France; Ducournau et al, 2004Ducournau et al, , 2005Wagner et al, 2012;Demilly et al, 2014). Based on seed germination characteristics (mean germination time, germination rates at 36 and 72 h, time taken to 50% germination) measured at 20 • C, we selected five rapeseed inbred lines: Groß Lüsewitzer, Jupiter, Lipton, Savannah and SW Gospel.…”