Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy To Probe the Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Associated Proteins

Gallier, Sophie; Gragson, D. E.; Jiménez-Flores, Rafael; Everett, David W.

doi:10.1021/jf9032409

Cited by 182 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Moreover, FA profile differences between LMFG, MFGM milk and MFGM yield milk are weak. This result does not totally support the linear relationships between MFG diameter and C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 contents shown by Wiking et al (2004), Gallier et al (2010), Mesilati-Stahy et al (2011) and Pisanu et al (2013) in goats. This may be explained by the MFG diameter and MFGM differences between groups not strong enough to exhibit FA profile differences; or by interaction with other factors as, for instance the fat : protein ratio and the apical membrane turnover (see above).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Relationships between milks differentiated on native milk fat globule characteristics and fat, protein and calcium compositions

Couvreur

Hurtaud

2017

Animal

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Many studies have shown that milk fat globule (MFG) diameter varies in dairy cows in relation to diet and/or breed. However, the mechanisms governing the size of the fat globules remain hypothetical. Our objective was to determine the variable biochemical characteristics (fat, protein, fatty acids (FA), casein and calcium (Ca) contents) between individual milk which differed in both MFG diameter and membrane content, in order to speculate about the links between milk synthesis and MFG secretion. With this aim, we built five databases of individual milk samples from 21 experiments performed between 2003 and 2011. Three of them grouped data from trials dealing with breed/diet effects and included information about: (i) MFG size/membrane, fat and protein contents (n = 982), (ii) previous parameters plus FA profile (n = 529) and (iii) previous parameters plus true protein composition and calcium contents (n = 101). A hierarchical clustering analysis performed on these three databases yielded four groups differing in the MFG characteristics. We observed significant differences among groups for the following parameters: (i) fat content and fat : protein ratio; (ii) de novo and polyunsaturated FA contents; (iii) Ca contents. These relationships could result from potential process regulating the synthesis and secretion of MFG: (i) the apical membrane turnover for MFG secretion and (ii) cytoplasmic lipid droplet formation in the lactocyte during its migration from the basal to the apical pole. The two other databases grouped data from trials dealing with milking frequency (n = 211), milking kinetics and milk type (residual v. cisternal) (n = 224). They were used to study the relationships between the size of the MFG and milk composition for high native fat contents (from 60 up to 100 g/kg in residual milks). We observed curvilinear relationships between the size of the MFG and fat content, as well as with the fat : protein ratio. This result suggests that MFG diameter reaches a threshold but mechanisms are still unknown.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Relationships between milks differentiated on native milk fat globule characteristics and fat, protein and calcium compositions

Couvreur

Hurtaud

2017

Animal

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“…HGL is able to initiate the lipolysis of milk fat globules, what is not readily done by pancreatic lipase [15]. HGL can hydrolyze TG embedded in milk fat globules [16][17][18] and therefore it was hypothesized that HGL can penetrate the milk fat globule membrane [19] made of a trilayer of polar lipids and proteins [17,18,20,21]. Indeed milk fat globules are based on an apolar core of TG which is enveloped by this complex membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of gastric lipase onto multicomponent model lipid monolayers with phase separation

Bourlieu-Lacanal

Pabœuf

Chever

et al. 2016

Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. (ellipsometry, tensiometry and atomic force microscopy), it was evidenced that rDGL partitions toward liquid expanded phase and at phase boundaries. rDGL gets adsorbed at several levels of insertion suggesting molecular cooperation that may favor insertion and strongly impacts on the lipid phase lateral organization. The addition of phosphatidylserine, negatively charged, reinforced adsorption; hence besides hydrophobic interactions and as further investigated through surface potential modeling, rDGL adsorption is favored by electrostatic interactions.

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“…Due to its heterogeneous chemical composition, this membrane presents a specific physical-state, with phase coexistence: nanodomains called lipid rafts (i.e. sphingolipids and cholesterol that aggregate along sections of the membrane) are in the lipid-ordered phase and are characterized by a high degree of rigidity; besides, other parts of the MFGM concentrating more unsaturated molecules are in liquiddisordered state (Gallier et al, 2010;Lopez and Ménard, 2011). On the contrary, the IF emulsion is based on several reassembled dairy and non-dairy fractions, resulting from successive technological operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards infant formula biomimetic of human milk structure and digestive behaviour

Bourlieu-Lacanal

Deglaire

Oliveira

et al. 2017

OCL

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-Lipids of human milk or infant formula convey most of the energy necessary to support the newborn growth. Until recently, infant formula chemical composition had been optimized but not their structure. And yet, more and more proofs of evidence have shown that lipids structure in human milk modulates digestion kinetics and is involved in metabolic programming. Indeed there is a striking difference of structure between human milk which is an emulsion based on dispersed milk fat globules (4 mm) secreted by the mammary gland and submicronic neoformed lipid droplets (0.5 mm) found in infant formula. These droplets result from a series of operation units. This difference of structure modifies digestion kinetics and emulsion disintegration in the intestinal tract of the newborn. This difference persists along gastric phase which is mainly dominated by acid and enzyme-induced aggregation. Lipid droplets size is thus the key parameter to control gastric lipolysis and emptying and intestinal lipolysis. This parameter also controls proteolysis since adsorbed proteins are more rapidly hydrolyzed than when in solution. In animal models, these differences of lipid structure would also impact digestive and immune systems' maturation and microbiota. Lipid structure during neonatal period would also be involved in the early programming of adipose tissues and metabolism. The supplementation of infant formulas with bovine milk fractions (milk fat globule membrane extracts, triacylglycerol) or recent development of large droplets infant formula, along with new fields of innovation in neonatal nutrition, are here reviewed.Keywords: human milk fat globules / lipid structure / infant formula / neonatal digestion / programming Résumé -Vers des formules infantiles mimant la structure et le profil de digestion du lait maternel.Les lipides laitiers du lait maternel ou de formules infantiles fournissent la plupart de l'énergie disponible pour la croissance du nouveau-né. Jusqu'alors, la composition chimique des formules infantiles a été optimisée mais pas leur structure. Or il est de plus en plus démontré que la structure des lipides dans le lait maternel module les cinétiques de digestion et participe à la pré-programmation métabolique. Il existe en effet une différence majeure entre les émulsions natives de globules gras laitiers (4 mm) sécrétées par la glande mammaire et la structure des lipides dans les formules infantiles qui résultent d'une succession d'opérations unitaires de transformation et sont constituées de gouttelettes submicroniques (0.5 mm) avec des interfaces néoformées. Cette différence de structure modifie les cinétiques de digestion et de déstructuration des émulsions dans le tractus digestif des nouveau-nés. De façon générale, la différence de structure initiale entre lait maternel et formules infantiles se maintient pendant toute la phase gastrique, qui est surtout dominée par des mécanismes d'agrégation acide et enzymatique. La taille des gouttelettes est le paramètre clé pour contrôler les lipolyses gastri...

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Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy To Probe the Milk Fat Globule Membrane and Associated Proteins

Cited by 182 publications

References 44 publications

Relationships between milks differentiated on native milk fat globule characteristics and fat, protein and calcium compositions

Relationships between milks differentiated on native milk fat globule characteristics and fat, protein and calcium compositions

Adsorption of gastric lipase onto multicomponent model lipid monolayers with phase separation

Towards infant formula biomimetic of human milk structure and digestive behaviour

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