Using copper oxide wire particles or sericea lespedeza to prevent peri-parturient gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep and goats

Burke, J.M.; Miller, J. E.; Terrill, T.H.; Mosjidis, J. A.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2010.04.015

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…3,4,27 COWP can be combined with anthelmintics 6,24 or even with other biological approaches like bioactive forages, for obtaining major benefits. 5 A further strategy is the use of bioactive forages. The most studied of these in the US is the use of the condensed tannin containing plant sericea lespedeza, which has exhibited good activity against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) when included in the diet either directly grazed or as hay/pellets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research updates in small ruminant parasitology

Kaplan

Gianechini

2020

American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference

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For years, livestock farmers have relied on the use of anthelmintics as their sole means for controlling helminth infections; however, this strategy has proven to be unsustainable. The current high levels of anthelmintic resistance to multiple drug classes makes it difficult to control parasites using chemical means alone. Furthermore, the lack of new classes of anthelmintic drugs means that the drugs we have now will be all we have for quite a long time. Thus, parasite control needs to be viewed more holistically within an ecological context and practiced in a multi-pronged integrated manner. Here, we review some of the recent literature on parasite control in small ruminants that addresses these issues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research updates in small ruminant parasitology

Kaplan

Gianechini

2020

American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference

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“…With regard to its efficacy to control GIN in goats, doses of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 5, 10 grams of COWP have been used on a range of goats, including kids, yearling does, yearling bucks, late pregnancy does, and lactating goats Burke et al, 2007c;Vatta et al, 2009;Burke et al, 2010a;Burke et al, 2010b;Soli et al, 2010). However doses of 0.5 gram and 5.0 grams of COWP have been reported to be optimal to control H. contortus in kids and mature goats, respectively (Burke et al, 2007c).…”

Section: Effect Of Copper Oxide Wire Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, incorporating COWP into a pelleted ration ensured a more even distribution of the COWP, reducing the risk of some animals not receiving enough to impact GINs or others receiving too much, leading to a susceptibility to copper toxicity (Burke et al, 2010a). The reason is that incorporating COWP into the feed may reduce the speed of release of the copper, allowing more of it to be shifted to the small intestine (Burke et al, 2010b).…”

Section: Effect Of Copper Oxide Wire Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, COWP may be less effective in reducing GIN infection in small mature ruminants compared with growing animals (Burke et al, 2007c). The use of COWP as an alternative method to control GIN in peri-parturient does or ewes may result in a reduction in their milk production, and birth and 60 day body weights of their offspring (Burke et al, 2010a). However, the mechanism for these phenomenon is not clearly understood, and this requires further investigations (Burke et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Effect Of Copper Oxide Wire Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of COWP as an alternative method to control GIN in peri-parturient does or ewes may result in a reduction in their milk production, and birth and 60 day body weights of their offspring (Burke et al, 2010a). However, the mechanism for these phenomenon is not clearly understood, and this requires further investigations (Burke et al, 2010a). COWP should not be widely recommended for the control of GIN in tropical farming systems because it is difficult to foresee the H. contortus challenge that animals will have before and after COWP treatment (Martı´nez Ortiz de Montellano et al, 2007).…”

Section: Effect Of Copper Oxide Wire Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of dietary protein supplementation and plane of nutrition on the resistance and the resilience of Boer goats against artificial Haemonchus contortus infection under confined conditions

Can¹

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The effects of protein and/ or energy supplementation have been well studied in sheep. However, the few pen studies conducted with goats have failed to identify the role of protein supplementation and combinations with energy supplements against H. contortus infection.The general objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of protein supplementation and plane of nutrition on resistance and resilience of Boer goats to infection from Haemonchus contortus. To achieve this the first experiment was designed to determine the appropriate amount of additional dietary protein (by having three groups of mature goats effectively fed three different levels of dietary protein) required by nematode free animals given a single relatively high dose of infective H. contortus larvae, to not become infected or at least develop resistance and/or resilience. It was assumed, based on the scientific literature, that a single relatively high dose of infective larvae would elicit strong pathogenic effects where additional dietary protein would give some assistance to the does with their defense to Haemonchus. As often is the case with research on goats the results were not unequivocally clear.Based on these results it was clear that a single dose of infective larvae was insufficient to become established and that these animals had already developed some level of immune response and thus it was assumed, again based on the scientific literature, to elicit strong pathogenic effects the animals tested needed to be younger (more naïve to Haemonchus) and with greater i.e. continued exposure to infective larvae as would happen under grazing conditions (trickle infection) such that different quantities of dietary protein would give these animals different responses to infection by Haemonchus. Again the responses by the goats only indicated subtle differences in immune responses against trickle H. contortus L3 infection. These results, again unexpected, indicated that level of intake (or more specifically plane of nutrition, prior to or during exposure) may be at least as important as protein supplementation in reasonably well fed animals; and or that the method of infection (oral drenching with L3 larvae) was possibly an unreliable method of infection requiring a more consistent method of infection. As such the third experiment involved nematode free mature animals (the only animals available at that time) fed on very different planes of nutrition preceding and during the experiment given relatively high trickle doses of H. contortus larvae via intra-ruminal infection.Overlaid across these experiments were constraints imposed on the amount of infective L3 larvae used to achieve infection; 100 L3 larvae per kg live-weight as a single dose was the maximum initially approved by the University Animal Ethics committee, as they had concerns about animals dying, they also stipulated the use of oral drenching for infective larvae. It was only after these methods failed ii to elicit a strong response was approval given by the Univers...

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The effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua) feeding regimes on the control of lamb coccidiosis

Saratsis¹,

Voutzourakis²,

Θεοδοσίου³

et al. 2016

Parasitol Res

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Recent research has suggested that plants containing condensed tannins may offer a promising alternative approach for the control of coccidiosis in lambs and goat kids. The present study aimed to examine the potential effect of condensed tannins in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua) incorporated in sheep rations against lamb coccidiosis. The above tannin-rich sources were studied in three independent feeding trials in which the animals (naturally infected by Eimeria spp. ewes and their lambs) were allocated (i) in the control group and received a tannin-free diet (lucerne hay), or (ii) in the treatment groups and received a tannin-rich diet based on sainfoin hay (in trials 1 and 2), or in carob pod meal and a combination of carob pod meal and sainfoin hay (in trial 3). In total, 95 newborn lambs (and their 73 ewes) were enrolled in all trials which started a month before lambing and ended 8-10 weeks after lambs were born (at weaning). The course of coccidial infection was monitored in lambs by faecal oocyst counts and consistencies which were recorded at weekly intervals. Moreover, lambs total weight gain was evaluated at the end of each trial. During all trials, 100 % of the animals got naturally infected by Eimeria species and the infection burden was higher in trials 2 and 3 compared to trial 1 but in all cases, severe signs of diarrhoea were not observed. Tannin-rich diets were well accepted by the animals not affecting their feed intake and body weight gain when compared to the controls. The results suggest that incorporation of both tannin-rich resources (especially sainfoin) in sheep rations can reduce Eimeria oocyst excretion rates by the lambs, which can decrease subsequently the contamination of the farm environment with the parasite. However, the high variability noted on the results is not allowing us to draw any definite conclusions at least until the potential of those plants is further investigated.

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Using copper oxide wire particles or sericea lespedeza to prevent peri-parturient gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep and goats

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Research updates in small ruminant parasitology

Research updates in small ruminant parasitology

Effects of dietary protein supplementation and plane of nutrition on the resistance and the resilience of Boer goats against artificial Haemonchus contortus infection under confined conditions

The effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua) feeding regimes on the control of lamb coccidiosis

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