Using cyclostratigraphic evidence to define the unconformity caused by the Mesoproterozoic Qinyu Uplift in the North China Craton

Lyu, Dan; Deng, Yan; Wang, Huajian; Zhang, Fenglian; Ren, Ruizhi; Gao, Zhiyong; Zhou, Chen; Luo, Zhendong; Wang, Xiaomei; Bi, Lina; Zhang, Shuichang; Canfield, Donald E.

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104608

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The mainly Fe-bearing mineral in unit 5 is siderite with layer or nodule characteristics [6]. These iron-rich layers or nodules have also been found in other outcrop sections of the Xiamaling Formation (Figure 1c) [7,28,31,37], indicating a large-scale iron deposition event [6]. However, due to weathering, the Xiamaling IF in the outcrop are mostly red or yellowish-brown (Figure 2a-d).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…8000 m [29]. The Xiamaling Formation is mainly composed of shale and siltstone and deposited over the carbonate rocks of the Tieling Formation with a parallel unconformity [30,31]. Two zircon U-Pb TIMS ages of 1384.4 ± 1.4 Ma and 1392.0 ± 1.0 Ma [30] and a zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS age of 1418 ± 14 Ma [31] have been obtained from the volcanic ash layers in the middle and bottom of the Xiamaling Formation, respectively (Figure 1d).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings indicate that massive Fe and Mn deposits still existed in the Mesoproterozoic oceans but mainly in the form of carbonates. Secondly, there is a large unconformity between the Xiamaling and Tieling formations, indicating robust weathering and erosion of early sediments [31]. In different outcrop section, almost all the weathering crusts at the bottom of the Xiamaling Formation have high Fe contents [31,57].…”

Section: Fe-bearing Mineral As a Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, there is a large unconformity between the Xiamaling and Tieling formations, indicating robust weathering and erosion of early sediments [31]. In different outcrop section, almost all the weathering crusts at the bottom of the Xiamaling Formation have high Fe contents [31,57]. The clastic materials such as sandstones and mudstones deposited above the crust are also rich in Fe [31,57].…”

Section: Fe-bearing Mineral As a Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In different outcrop section, almost all the weathering crusts at the bottom of the Xiamaling Formation have high Fe contents [31,57]. The clastic materials such as sandstones and mudstones deposited above the crust are also rich in Fe [31,57]. Thus, it is possible that previously deposited carbonate minerals were uplifted to the surface by regional tectonic movement, and entered into the ocean again.…”

Section: Fe-bearing Mineral As a Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Element Imaging of a 1.4 Ga Authigenic Siderite Crystal

Wang

Deng

et al. 2021

Minerals

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Iron formations (IFs) are traditionally considered to be limited during 1.8−0.8 Ga. However, there are recent reports of siderite-dominated IFs within this time interval, such as the 1.40 Ga Xiamaling IF in North China and the 1.33 Ga Jingtieshan IF in Qilian. To further explore the crystallization and formation mechanisms of siderite, an authigenic siderite crystal from the Xiamaling IF was fully scanned using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Multi-element imaging with a spatial resolution of 5 μm revealed an obvious rim structure of the siderite crystal, which might record the crystallization and growth processes. The Al- and Fe-enriched zone in the core of siderite crystal might be an iron-bearing nucleus, and the formation of rim structure was related to the transition from a closed crystallization environment to a semi-closed growth environment. These results, combined with carbon isotope evidence from the siderites and surrounding shales, suggest that vigorous dissimilatory iron reduction that can provide Fe2+ and HCO3− to the pore water is a key factor to form the siderite-dominated Xiamaling IF.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fe-bearing Mineral As a Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fe-bearing Mineral As a Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fe-bearing Mineral As a Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Element Imaging of a 1.4 Ga Authigenic Siderite Crystal

Wang

Deng

et al. 2021

Minerals

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The Mesoproterozoic Oxygenation Event

Zhang

Wang

2021

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Hydrocarbon generation potential and organic matter accumulation patterns in organic-rich shale during the mesoproterozoic oxygenation event: evidence from the Xiamaling formation shale

Miao,

Jiang,

Tang

et al. 2023

Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour.

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A significant deposition of black shales occurred during the Mesoproterozoic Oxygenation Event (MOE). In order to investigate the hydrocarbon generation potential and organic matter enrichment mechanism of these shale deposits, we studied the Xiamaling Formation shale in the North China region as a representative sample of the Mesoproterozoic shale. The research involved organic petrology, organic geochemistry, mineralogy, and elemental geochemistry. The following observations were made: (1) The depositional environment of the Xiamaling Formation shale can be categorized as either oxic or anoxic, with the former having shallow depositional waters and high deposition rates, while the latter has deeper depositional waters and slower deposition rates. (2) Anoxic shales exhibited significantly better hydrocarbon generation potential compared to shales deposited in oxic environments, although the latter still demonstrated high hydrocarbon generation potential. (3) Shales deposited in anoxic environments displayed higher paleoproductivity compared to those deposited in oxic environments. The high deposition rate in oxic environments slowed the decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, leading to the formation of high-quality shales. In contrast, the strong paleoproductivity, along with favorable preservation conditions, accounted for the high hydrocarbon potential of anoxic shales.

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Using cyclostratigraphic evidence to define the unconformity caused by the Mesoproterozoic Qinyu Uplift in the North China Craton

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Multi-Element Imaging of a 1.4 Ga Authigenic Siderite Crystal

Multi-Element Imaging of a 1.4 Ga Authigenic Siderite Crystal

The Mesoproterozoic Oxygenation Event

Hydrocarbon generation potential and organic matter accumulation patterns in organic-rich shale during the mesoproterozoic oxygenation event: evidence from the Xiamaling formation shale

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