Using Drosophila to uncover molecular and physiological functions of circRNAs

Krishnamoorthy, Aishwarya; Kadener, Sebastián

doi:10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.04.016

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Hence, it is possible to utilize insect models such as flies and nematodes to investigate pathogen and host interactions. In addition, the immune system of insects can be investigated relatively simply because they lack adaptive immunity, and genetic manipulation in insects is tractable (9)(10)(11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila Innate Immunity Involves Multiple Signaling Pathways and Coordinated Communication Between Different Tissues

Luo

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens, and immune disorders cause a variety of diseases. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster employs multiple innate immune reactions to resist infection. First, epithelial tissues function as physical barriers to prevent pathogen invasion. In addition, macrophage-like plasmatocytes eliminate intruders through phagocytosis, and lamellocytes encapsulate large particles, such as wasp eggs, that cannot be phagocytosed. Regarding humoral immune responses, the fat body, equivalent to the mammalian liver, secretes antimicrobial peptides into hemolymph, killing bacteria and fungi. Drosophila has been shown to be a powerful in vivo model for studying the mechanism of innate immunity and host-pathogen interactions because Drosophila and higher organisms share conserved signaling pathways and factors. Moreover, the ease with which Drosophila genetic and physiological characteristics can be manipulated prevents interference by adaptive immunity. In this review, we discuss the signaling pathways activated in Drosophila innate immunity, namely, the Toll, Imd, JNK, JAK/STAT pathways, and other factors, as well as relevant regulatory networks. We also review the mechanisms by which different tissues, including hemocytes, the fat body, the lymph gland, muscles, the gut and the brain coordinate innate immune responses. Furthermore, the latest studies in this field are outlined in this review. In summary, understanding the mechanism underlying innate immunity orchestration in Drosophila will help us better study human innate immunity-related diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila Innate Immunity Involves Multiple Signaling Pathways and Coordinated Communication Between Different Tissues

Luo

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…CircRNAs have a tissue-specific expression pattern, and have the potential to become cancer biomarkers. 33 Accumulating evidence highlighted the prominence of circRNAs in carcinogenesis and tumor development. 34,35 Zhu et al revealed that circ_DONSON was expressed with a high level in BC, and silencing of circ_DONSON apparently restricted proliferation and radiation resistance of BC cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CircSEPT9 promotes breast cancer progression by regulating PTBP3 expression via sponging miR‐625‐5p

Shi,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

Thoracic Cancer

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BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is a common malignancy which threatens the health of women. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are critical factors in multiple cancers, including BC. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of circRNA Septin 9 (circSEPT9) in the progression of BC.MethodsCircSEPT9, microRNA‐625‐5p (miR‐625‐5p) and polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 3 (PTBP3) levels were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Western blot was performed to detect the protein levels of PTBP3, E‐cadherin and vimentin. Cell counting kit‐8 assay (CCK8) and thymidine analog 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EDU) was utilized for proliferation examination. Flow cytometry was conducted to measure apoptosis. Transwell assay and wound healing assay to investigate the migration of BC cells. Glucose uptake and lactate production were determined by specific kits. Additionally, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were utilized to verify the interaction. A murine xenograft model was established to investigate the function of circSEPT9 in BC in vivo.ResultsOverexpression of circSEPT9 was found in BC tissues and cells. Silencing circSEPT9 impeded BC cell proliferation, migration, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and glycolytic metabolism but facilitated cell apoptosis in vitro. Meanwhile, circSEPT9 knockdown constrained tumor growth in vivo. MiR‐625‐5p was targeted by circSEPT9. The influence of silencing circSEPT9 on BC cell function was regained by miR‐625‐5p inhibitor. Furthermore, miR‐625‐5p regulated BC cell malignant phenotypes via downregulating PTBP3.ConclusioncircSEPT9 contributed to the malignant progression of BC by up‐regulating PTBP3 via sponging miR‐625‐5p.

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“…Conversely, a circRNA from the SEPALLATA3 gene was found to affect the splicing of its homologous mRNA through R-loop formation, causing a reduction in gene transcription [ 25 ]. In addition, more extensive research in Drosophila and human cells has shown that when linear splicing is increased, circRNA production decreases accordingly, indicating that there is a tendency to achieve endogenous equilibrium via the cyclization and linear splicing of pre-mRNAs [ 20 , 26 ].…”

Section: Functions Of Circrnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance of circular RNA in pancreatic cancer: a promising rising star

Chen

Shen

et al. 2022

Cell Biosci

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Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant solid tumor with insidious onset and easy early metastasis. Despite tremendous efforts devoted to research in this field, the mechanisms underlying PC tumorigenesis and progression remain unclear. Additionally, robust biomarkers and satisfactory therapeutic strategies for clinical use in PC patients are still lacking. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new type of non-coding RNA originating from precursor messenger RNAs, with a covalent continuous closed-loop structure, strong stability and high specificity. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs may participate in PC development and progression. Abnormal expression of circRNAs in PC is considered a vital factor that affects tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis and drug resistance. In this review of relevant articles published in recent years, we describe the basic knowledge concerning circRNAs, including their classification, biogenesis, functions and research approaches. Moreover, the biological roles and clinical significance of circRNAs related to PC are discussed. Finally, we note the questions remaining from recent studies and anticipate that further investigations will address these gaps in knowledge in this field. In conclusion, we expect to provide insights into circRNAs as potential targets for specific PC diagnosis and treatment in the future.

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Using Drosophila to uncover molecular and physiological functions of circRNAs

Cited by 9 publications

References 135 publications

Drosophila Innate Immunity Involves Multiple Signaling Pathways and Coordinated Communication Between Different Tissues

Drosophila Innate Immunity Involves Multiple Signaling Pathways and Coordinated Communication Between Different Tissues

CircSEPT9 promotes breast cancer progression by regulating PTBP3 expression via sponging miR‐625‐5p

Biological functions, mechanisms, and clinical significance of circular RNA in pancreatic cancer: a promising rising star

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