Using electrochemical pre-treatments for the protection of metal surfaces from the formation and growth of calcium carbonate scale

Balson, T.; Craddock, H. A.; Dunlop, J. D.; Frampton, H.; Payne, Gregory F.; Reid, Peter W. A.; Morizot, A.P.; Libille, S.; Neville, Adam; Graham, Gordon Michael

doi:10.1039/9781847550460-00131

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“…Although this may be appropriate for certain applications such as boiler systems, it is not appropriate to the long residence time (often of the order of hours) in which oilfield scale inhibitors may be expected to perform. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] For homogeneous (bulk) precipitation, suspended particles may remain in the bulk fluid and be transported to surface facilities rather than causing blockages to the flow lines. 2,3 Care must therefore be taken when interpreting results and it is often recommended that both longer (more field specific) residence time static "jar" tests (in which field temperature, pressure and potentially pH and bicarbonate content may be compromised) and dynamic "tube blocking" tests (in which residence times may be compromised) should be conducted where possible.…”

Section: Inhibitor Performance and Conventional Test Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Maleic Acid Co-polymers on the Growth and Microstructure of Calcite Scale

Senthilmurugan

Ghosh

Graham³

et al. 2010

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Additive-mediated crystal growth has been a large area of scientific research over many generations. In oil and gas production crystal growth modifiers (scale inhibitors) are used routinely, although their impact on the structure and morphology of the scale is often overlooked. This work presents results for the inhibition of calcite using specially prepared maleic acid -acrylic acid and maleic acid -acrylamide co-polymers. Performance tests show that the inhibitors provide effective performance against CaCO 3 in both static and dynamic conditions. Additive-mediated crystallisation was then progressed at concentrations below the MIC's. The results show significant changes in the microstructure and morphology of the crystals formed, from typical calcite rhombs in the absence of additives towards needles and aragonite structures as well the formation of almost perfectly formed "microrosettes". The trends in the microstructure are tracked as a function of temperature and chemical concentration and are related to the inhibitors ability to influence different crystal growth surfaces under different conditions. More significantly, dramatic differences are recorded under dynamic and static test conditions, indicating that the structures which lead to adherence and blocking of pipework during flow may be different than those which dominate under bulk conditions. The indication is that the most effective inhibitors are those which inhibit crystal morphologies which lend themselves towards adhesion and growth from metal surfaces. The synthesis and characterisation of the polymers together with calcium carbonate inhibition performance results and crystal microstructures formed in static and dynamic conditions are presented, together with conclusions on their importance when attempting to inhibit scale formation on pipeline walls in dynamic oil production systems. Previous published works in this area will be included to support the conclusions made.

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Section: Inhibitor Performance and Conventional Test Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Maleic Acid Co-polymers on the Growth and Microstructure of Calcite Scale

Senthilmurugan

Ghosh

Graham³

et al. 2010

All Days

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Using electrochemical pre-treatments for the protection of metal surfaces from the formation and growth of calcium carbonate scale

Cited by 1 publication

References 0 publications

The Influence of Maleic Acid Co-polymers on the Growth and Microstructure of Calcite Scale

The Influence of Maleic Acid Co-polymers on the Growth and Microstructure of Calcite Scale

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