Electronic health records (EHRs) are implemented by many health care organizations as a potential service solution. Despite the appeal of EHRs, failure in their implementation can lead to negative consequences, ranging from the loss of money to reputation damage, for health care providers. However, the causes of this problem have not attracted the attention of a sufficient number of researchers. This paper aims to investigate this phenomenon objectively and subjectively in a public context using an interview-based qualitative approach supported by archival data and records of a real-world failed EHR project. The results show that the factors influencing failure are divergent and include technical and managerial issues. In particular, the timing and duration of the training as well as the integration of EHR with the enterprise systems were found to be the strongest influencing factors, followed by reasons related to the software design (eg, a lack of required pharmacy functionality) and software people management (eg, resistance to change). The paper also discusses points related to EHR development and design, such as the development paradigm, data quality and validation, architecture for security, and source code naming convention. K E Y W O R D S electronic health record, software design, software project management, failure, software security 1 1258 1259While increased adoption and growth of EHR have been observed, there is a surprising lack of studies regarding the reasons why EHR implementation fails. Such studies could help prevent past implementation mistakes and reduce the overall risk involved in implementation. The benefits of EHR, if it is properly implemented, are far more substantial than the risks. The benefits include higher patient and doctor satisfaction, real-time information tracking, fewer handwritten forms, fewer preventable errors, fewer dosage errors, and increased quality of care. 6,7 However, due to several factors, including technological barriers and poor infrastructure, these benefits are not always achieved, especially in developing countries. 8 Additionally, each health service has particularities that should be considered to facilitate adoption. 9 Adoption may involve diverse changes in the different phases of the work of health professionals. Once EHR is implemented, the process is continually changing and evolving. EHR implementation is thus a challenging development stage, especially in developing countries characterized by a lack of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption. 8,10 The consequences of implementation failure not only affect patient satisfaction but also can cause tremendous economic loss and reputation damage for health care providers.The contribution of our study is the identification of the reasons for EHR implementation failure in real-world environments. To the best of our knowledge, this area has received less research attention than different aspects related to EHR systems. 1,6,[11][12][13][14] Conducting such real-world-based studies is harder i...