Using emulsion inversion in industrial processes

Salager, Jean-Louis; Forgiarini, Ana; Márquez, Laura; Pena, Alejandro Andres; Pizzino, Aldo; Rodríguez, María Estela Sánchez; Rondón-González, Marianna

doi:10.1016/j.cis.2003.10.008

Cited by 177 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…However, the kinetics of destabilization of nano-emulsions is so slow (∼months) that they are considered kinetically stable. This is mainly due to their very small size, resulting in the prevention of droplet flocculation and coalescence: the Ostwald ripening alone governs the destabilizing process (1,2,6,(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Nano-emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-emulsions and Micro-emulsions: Clarifications of the Critical Differences

2010

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Much research has been done over the past years on self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, their main interest being the simplicity of the formulation processes, the great stability of the systems and their high potential in pharmaceutical applications and industrial scaling-up. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems are generally described in the literature indiscriminately as either nano-emulsions or micro-emulsions. Although this misconception appears to be common, these two systems are fundamentally different, based on very different physical and physicochemical concepts. Their differences result in very different stability behaviors, which can have significant consequences regarding their applications and administration as nanomedicines. This paper aims at clarifying the problem, first by reviewing all the physical and physicochemical fundamentals regarding these two systems, using a quantitative thermodynamic approach for micro-emulsions. Following these clarifications, we show how the confusion between nano-emulsions and micro-emulsions appears in the literature and how most of the micro-emulsion systems referred to are actually nano-emulsion systems. Finally, we illustrate how to clear up this misconception using simple experiments. Since this confusion is well established in the literature, such clarifications seem necessary in order to improve the understanding of research in this important field.

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Section: Nano-emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-emulsions and Micro-emulsions: Clarifications of the Critical Differences

2010

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“…In later works [93,94] the SAD variable has been replaced by a more general formulation concept, the so called HLD (hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation from the optimum formulation obtainable by the HLB number), because for nonionic surfactants SAD is different from zero at the optimum formulation. It is defined as HLD = (SAD − SAD ref ) / RT where SAD ref refers to the optimum formulation [97].…”

Section: Phase Inversion In Emulsification Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A macroscopic physico-chemical approach has been widely exploited by Salager and Sajjadi [35,84,93,94] in order to describe the inversion phenomenon. For the sake of clarity, we shortly review some basic definitions that are commonly encountered when dealing with emulsification maps.…”

Section: Phase Inversion In Emulsification Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase inversion emulsification: Current understanding and applications

Perazzo

Preziosi

Guido

2015

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science

209

121

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“…Microemulsions (lEs) are thermodynamically stable, macroscopically homogeneous and isotropic dispersions of water-in-oil (w/o) or vice versa (o/w), stabilized by a surfactant monolayer [1][2][3][4]. The surfactant monolayer not only prohibits the direct contact between water and oil, but also reduces the interfacial tension between the two immiscible liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico‐Chemical Studies on Microemulsion: Effect of Cosurfactant Chain Length on the Phase Behavior, Formation Dynamics, Structural Parameters and Viscosity of Water/(Polysorbate‐20 + n‐Alkanol)/n‐Heptane Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsion

Paul

Panda

2011

J Surfact & Detergents

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The pseudo-ternary water-in-oil microemulsion system, comprising water/polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Polysorbate-20) ? n-alkanol/n-heptane, have been studied by phase manifestation, method of dilution, viscosity and dynamic light scattering measurements. Polysorbate-20, in combination with equal mass of cosurfactants (of varying chain length, from n-butanol to n-octanol) were used in studying the systems in the temperature range 303-323 K. Appearance of turbidity was noted visually, which indicated the attainment of immiscibility or phase separation; a clear dependence of the different phases on cosurfactant chain length was noted. By employing the method of dilution, associated thermodynamic parameters for the formation of water-in-oil microemulsion droplets were derived. Different associated structural parameters were derived through further computation of the data derived from the method of dilution. Unusual behavior of Polysorbate-20, compared to the conventional ionic surfactants, was noted. Viscosity measurements, as carried out with different compositions and temperatures, revealed the temperature and water pool size dependency of the microemulsion systems. Viscosity data did not follow the same trend during heating and the cooling process, due to the condensation effect. This phenomenon was further confirmed by dynamic light scattering measurements.

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Using emulsion inversion in industrial processes

Cited by 177 publications

References 103 publications

Nano-emulsions and Micro-emulsions: Clarifications of the Critical Differences

Nano-emulsions and Micro-emulsions: Clarifications of the Critical Differences

Phase inversion emulsification: Current understanding and applications

Physico‐Chemical Studies on Microemulsion: Effect of Cosurfactant Chain Length on the Phase Behavior, Formation Dynamics, Structural Parameters and Viscosity of Water/(Polysorbate‐20 + n‐Alkanol)/n‐Heptane Water‐in‐Oil Microemulsion

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