Using Ethephon and GA3 to Overcome Thermoinhibition in `Jalapeño M' Pepper Seed

Carter, Anne K.; Stevens, Roseann

doi:10.21273/hortsci.33.6.1026

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In lettuce seeds, decrease in ABA content is suppressed during imbibition at supraoptimal high temperature, and de novo ABA biosynthesis is required for thermoinhibition (Yoshioka et al 1998). Alleviation of thermoinhibition by exogenous GA has been reported on several plant species (Madakadze et al 1993;Dutta and Bradford 1994;Carter and Stevens 1998;Gonai et al 2004). However, the interaction of ABA and GA on thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin interactions on the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination

et al. 2011

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Germination of lettuce seeds has obvious thermoinhibition, but the mechanism for thermoinhibition of seed germination is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the interactions of nitrate, abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin on seed germination at high temperatures to understand further the mechanism for thermoinhibition of seed germination. Our results showed that lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. 'Jianye Xianfeng No. 1') seeds exhibited notable thermoinhibiton of germination at C17°C in darkness, and at C23°C in light, but the thermoinhibited seeds did not exhibit secondary dormancy. Thermoinhibition of seed germination at 23 or 25°C in light was notably decreased by 5 and 10 mM nitrate, and the stimulatory effects were markedly prevented by nitric oxide (NO) scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. The sensitivity of seed germination to exogenous ABA increased with increasing temperature. Thermoinhibition of seed germination was markedly decreased by fluridone (an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis) and GA 3 , and was increased by diniconazole (an inhibitor of the ABA-catabolizing enzyme ABA 8 0 -hydroxylase) and paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of GA biosynthetic pathway). The effect of fluridone in decreasing thermoinhibition of seed germination was obviously antagonized by paclobutrazol, and that of GA 3 was notably added to by fluridone, and that of nitrate was antagonized by paclobutrazol, diniconazole and ABA and was added to by GA 3 and fluridone. Our data show that thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination is decreased by nitrate in a NO-dependent manner, which is antagonized by ABA, diniconazole and paclobutrazol and added by fluridone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin interactions on the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination

et al. 2011

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“…The ABA biosynthesis pathway is sensitive to several environmental factors and this is one way in which different environments result in different levels of dormancy [ 21 , 22 ]. Conversely, by application of exogenous GA or by increasing the GA synthesis in seeds, dormancy can be alleviated in many plant species [ 12 , 23 ]. Thus, germination is regulated by a balance between synthesis and catabolism of ABA and GA. Several genes are known which function in ABA (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase ( NCEDs ) and ABAs ) and GA ( GA3ox1 , GA3ox2 and GA2ox1 ) biosynthetic pathways and which may, thus, affect the inhibition of germination caused by high temperatures [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of and genetic variation for tomato seed thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy

et al. 2018

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BackgroundExposing imbibed seeds to high temperatures may lead to either thermo-inhibition of germination or thermo-dormancy responses. In thermo-inhibition, seed germination is inhibited but quickly resumed when temperatures are lowered. Upon prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, thermo-dormancy may be induced and seeds are not able to germinate even at optimal temperatures. In order to explore underlying physiological and molecular aspects of thermo-induced secondary dormancy, we have investigated the physiological responses of tomato seeds to elevated temperatures and the molecular mechanisms that could explain the performance of tomato seeds at elevated temperature.ResultsIn order to investigate how tomato seeds respond to high temperature we used two distinct tomato accessions: Solanum lycopersicum (cv. Moneymaker) (MM) and Solanum pimpinellifolium accession CGN14498 (PI). MM seeds did not germinate under high temperature conditions while seeds of PI reached a maximum germination of 80%. Despite the high germination percentage of PI, germinated seeds did not produce healthy seedling at 37 °C. By using a candidate gene approach we have tested if similar molecular pathways (abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA)) present in lettuce and Arabidopsis, are regulating thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy responses in tomato. We showed that the ABA biosynthesis pathway genes NCED1 and NCED9 were upregulated whereas two of the GA-biosynthesis regulators (GA3ox1 and GA20ox1) were downregulated in tomato thermo-dormant seeds at elevated temperature. To identify novel regulators of tomato seed performance under high temperature, we screened a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the two tomato accessions MM and PI for thermo-inhibition and dormancy induction. Several QTLs were detected, particularly for thermo-dormancy, which may be caused by new regulators of thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy in tomato.ConclusionsNone of the genes studied in this research were co-locating with the detected QTLs. The new QTLs discovered in this study will therefore be useful to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of tomato seeds to high temperature and eventually lead to identification of the causal genes regulating these responses.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1455-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Abscisic acid (ABA) is the hormone most commonly associated with the imposition and maintenance of thermoinhibition (Dutta et al, 1994, Yoshioka et al, 1998;Leskovar et al, 1999;Gonia et al, 2004), while the gibberellins, GA 3 (Persson, 1993;Small et al, 1993;Dutta et al, 1994Dutta et al, , 1997Carter and Stevens, 1998) as well as GA 4+7 (Drewes, 1989;Madakadze et al, 1993), and ethylene (Huang and Khan, 1992;Prusinski and Khan, 1993;Gallardo et al, 1994;Carter and Stevens, 1998) are the phytohormones most commonly associated with the alleviation thereof. ABA/ ethylene interaction models have also been proposed in which ABA interferes in the production of ethylene (Gallardo et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to the regulation of thermoinhibition in Tagetes minuta L.

Taylor

Hills

Gold

et al. 2005

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Using Ethephon and GA3 to Overcome Thermoinhibition in `Jalapeño M' Pepper Seed

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin interactions on the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination

Nitrate, abscisic acid and gibberellin interactions on the thermoinhibition of lettuce seed germination

Characterization of and genetic variation for tomato seed thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy

Factors contributing to the regulation of thermoinhibition in Tagetes minuta L.

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