Using expert perspectives to explore factors affecting choice of methods in safety analysis

Farooqi, Aaisha; Ryan, Brendan; Cobb, Sue

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105571

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, after the initial difficulties, they showed great interest in such a tool, recognizing its effectiveness and the advantages of using a systemic procedure for guidance. This is in line with the research insights by Farooqi et al [9] and addresses the need for a procedure on how to apply safety II concepts in practical contexts outlined by Provan et al [66]. Thus, this outcome represents another research insight, fostering the implementation of practical procedures to facilitate the integration of different tools that support the application of FRAM in a synergistic manner.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Resilience represents a key factor in enhancing risk assessment, allowing the shift from traditional risk analysis, mainly based on a control-centric approach, to a more modern concept, which is usually called "Safety II" and relies on the acknowledgment that both acceptable and adverse outcomes are based on everyday performance adjustments [8]. Actually, as stressed by Farooqi et al [9], traditional risk analysis tools belonging to the "Safety I" approach, such as Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Event Tree Analysis (ETA), provide a bimodal perspective of work activities, according to which positive or negative outcomes are a consequence of different systems' modes of functioning. Hence, despite the advantages in terms of usability, Safety I tools fail to capture the complexity and variability of human performances and related activities [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Resilience Engineering Approach for the Risk Assessment of IT Services

Fargnoli,

Murgianu

2023

Applied Sciences

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Nowadays, services related to IT technologies have assumed paramount importance in most sectors, creating complex systems involving different stakeholders. Such systems are subject to unpredictable risks that differ from what is usually expected and cannot be properly managed using traditional risk assessment approaches. Consequently, ensuring their reliability represents a critical task for companies, which need to adopt resilience engineering tools to reduce the occurrence of failures and malfunctions. With this goal in mind, the current study proposes a risk assessment procedure for cloud migration processes that integrates the application of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) with tools aimed at defining specific performance requirements for the suppliers of this service. In particular, the Critical-To-Quality (CTQ) method was used to define the quality drivers of the IT platform customers, while technical standards were applied to define requirements for a security management system, including aspects relevant to the supply chain. Such an approach was verified by means of its application to a real-life case study, which concerns the analysis of the risks inherent to the supply chain related to cloud migration. The results achieved can contribute to augmenting knowledge in the field of IT systems’ risk assessment, providing a base for further research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Resilience Engineering Approach for the Risk Assessment of IT Services

Fargnoli,

Murgianu

2023

Applied Sciences

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“…One solution could be the IT framework for sharp-end operators' WAD data gathering through a mobile app proposed by Constantino et al [114]. Overall, the practical applicability of FRAM, in general, has to be researched and improved, as claimed by [115]. Instead, the analysis of results runs relatively quickly due to matured software support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Resonance Analysis in an Overtaking Situation in Road Traffic: Comparing the Performance Variability Mechanisms between Human and Automation

Grabbe¹,

Gales²,

Höcher³

et al. 2021

Safety

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Automated driving promises great possibilities in traffic safety advancement, frequently assuming that human error is the main cause of accidents, and promising a significant decrease in road accidents through automation. However, this assumption is too simplistic and does not consider potential side effects and adaptations in the socio-technical system that traffic represents. Thus, a differentiated analysis, including the understanding of road system mechanisms regarding accident development and accident avoidance, is required to avoid adverse automation surprises, which is currently lacking. This paper, therefore, argues in favour of Resilience Engineering using the functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) to reveal these mechanisms in an overtaking scenario on a rural road to compare the contributions between the human driver and potential automation, in order to derive system design recommendations. Finally, this serves to demonstrate how FRAM can be used for a systemic function allocation for the driving task between humans and automation. Thus, an in-depth FRAM model was developed for both agents based on document knowledge elicitation and observations and interviews in a driving simulator, which was validated by a focus group with peers. Further, the performance variabilities were identified by structured interviews with human drivers as well as automation experts and observations in the driving simulator. Then, the aggregation and propagation of variability were analysed focusing on the interaction and complexity in the system by a semi-quantitative approach combined with a Space-Time/Agency framework. Finally, design recommendations for managing performance variability were proposed in order to enhance system safety. The outcomes show that the current automation strategy should focus on adaptive automation based on a human-automation collaboration, rather than full automation. In conclusion, the FRAM analysis supports decision-makers in enhancing safety enriched by the identification of non-linear and complex risks.

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“…Attention has previously been drawn to the time and resource pressures that practitioners typically operate under. Surveys (Farooqi et al, 2022;Underwood and Waterson, 2013) have demonstrated how little time they might have to learn or apply even moderately complicated methods such as FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) or STAMP (Systems Theoretical Accident Modelling and Processes). This mismatch between the supply of formal tools and methods to support the decisions of practitioners and their uptake by the practitioners themselves is usually referred to as the 'research-practice gap' (e.g.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%