Using Eye-Tracking to Analyze Collaboration in a Virtual Role Play Environment

Othlinghaus-Wulhorst, Julia; Jedich, Anna; Hoppe, H. Ulrich; Harrer, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99504-5_15

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In 2018, an eye-tracking study has been conducted in collaboration with the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts (Othlinghaus-Wulhorst et al, 2018). The results of this study will be summarized and discussed in this section.…”

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty subjects (average 22.8, SD = 2.84, 5 females, 15 males) participated in the study and have been tested in dyads, using two desktop-based eyetrackers to track the players' gaze during the experiment. To investigate the research question, three main hypotheses have been examined: The first hypotheses postulated "a positive relation between the convergence of visual foci of attention (gaze synchronicity) and the successful completion of the game (achievement score)" (Othlinghaus-Wulhorst et al, 2018). In this study, gaze synchronicity has been defined as the extent to what the two players have been looking at the same areas of interest in the same time interval during the course of a gaming session.…”

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second hypothesis it is assumed that "there is a positive relation between the convergence of visual foci of attention (gaze synchronicity) and the quality of collaboration in the chat." (Othlinghaus-Wulhorst et al, 2018). In order to define the quality of collaboration, a rating scheme has been developed, which includes five dimensions: (1) argumentation (players discuss or bring forward justifying arguments), (2) agreement/disagreement (players endorse or dissent from one another), (3) collaborative orientation (players refer to each other, ask questions, provide feedback or refer to topics brought up by the other player), (4) solution orientation (players try to find or propose a solution), and (5) shared awareness/reinforcing shared history (players share common knowledge or explain their situation).…”

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third hypothesis proposes "a dynamic (time-related) congruence between similar eye movements (synchronicity) and the quality of collaboration in the chat" (Othlinghaus-Wulhorst et al, 2018), meaning that there is not only a gaze synchronicity on the aggregate level, but also synchronicity between convergent eye-tracking and chat interaction during the course of the game. This hypothesis could not be verified.…”

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Technical and Conceptual Framework for Serious Role-Playing Games in the Area of Social Skill Training

Othlinghaus-Wulhorst

Hoppe

2020

Front. Comput. Sci.

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Virtual role-playing games can provide an authentic experience of situated learning and allow for trying out different problem-solving and communication strategies without consequences in the real world. This is of particular interest and benefit for the training of social skills. This article presents a conceptual and technical framework for serious role-playing games for the training of specific social skills in virtual 2D learning environments involving chatbots in dialog-centric settings. It summarizes different use cases and evaluation results from prior studies. From the design perspective, several distinctive conceptual features characterize our framework: (1) chat-like interaction with an AI-controlled chatbot, (2) separate phases of immersion and reflection to facilitate a change of perspective that is considered conducive for learning, (3) the learning process is emphasized by means of adaptive feedback based on individual analyses. We propose a system architecture that is based on three components: (1) AI-controlled chatbots that adapt to the player's behavior, (2) a multi-agent blackboard system as the backbone in order to keep components independent and optimize performance due to parallel processing, and (3) intelligent support for an automated evaluation of the player's performance and feedback generation. The training scenarios presented and discussed in this article include workplace-oriented conflict management, patient-centered medical interviews, and customer complaint management. First evaluation studies indicate that the scenarios may be well-suited for real training situations. Due to its flexible architecture, our framework and approach can easily be tailored to different settings and use cases and thus serve as a basis for future research focusing on the adaptation to other contexts and systems. On the basis of these developments, we elaborate important design dimensions, reflect and discuss general issues and major challenges, summarize and contrast different approaches and strategies, and identify opportunities for serious role-playing games in the area of social skills training.

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Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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