Using fluorine-induced chemiluminescence to detect organo-metalloids the headspace of phototrophic bacterial cultures amended with selenium and tellurium

Fleet-Stalder, Verena Van; Chasteen, Thomas G.

doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00108-0

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Samples from bacterial culture headspace were analyzed as described elsewhere (23). Briefly, after cells had reached stationary phase, 1 ml of headspace gas was removed by gas syringe and analyzed immediately by capillary GC with fluorine-induced chemiluminescence detection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though growth rates were somewhat decreased, five phototrophic species grown on Sistrom minimal medium were shown to exhibit overall stationary-phase biomass production similar to that of controls. Methylated organosulfur, organoselenium, and dimethyl selenenyl sulfide have been detected in anaerobic culture headspace, and elemental Se was produced in some cultures (13,21,23). This reduction to the elemental form may be an important process in the biosphere, since soils from an evaporation pond in the Kesterson Reservoir show that, nearest the surface, Se 0 is the most prominent selenium species (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Here we report the results of quantifying and speciating selenium in the culture medium, the bacteria, and the gaseous headspace above the culture after R. sphaeroides was grown phototrophically in the presence of different concentrations of selenite and selenate to stationary phase. Cell supernatants were analyzed for total selenium using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy-mass spectrometry, volatile selenium species in the headspace were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) (23,24), and cells were analyzed for inorganic and organoselenium species via selenium X-ray absorption spectroscopy (16,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fate of Selenate and Selenite Metabolized by Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Fleet-Stalder

Chasteen

Pickering

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Cultures of a purple nonsulfur bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, amended with ϳ1 or ϳ100 ppm selenate or selenite, were grown phototrophically to stationary phase. Analyses of culture headspace, separated cells, and filtered culture supernatant were carried out using gas chromatography, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy-mass spectrometry, respectively. While selenium-amended cultures showed much higher amounts of SeO 3 2؊ bioconversion than did analogous selenate experiments (94% uptake for SeO 3 2؊ as compared to 9.6% for SeO 4 2؊ -amended cultures from 100-ppm solutions), the chemical forms of selenium in the microbial cells were not very different except at exposure to high concentrations of selenite. Volatilization accounted for only a very small portion of the accumulated selenium; most was present in organic forms and the red elemental form.The roles of selenium in the biosphere, both beneficial and deleterious, are gradually being determined (2,5,7,15), and it is becoming apparent that bacteria play a major role in the global selenium cycle. Selenate (SeO 4 2Ϫ ) and selenite (SeO 3 2Ϫ ) seem to be the most abundant forms of bioavailable selenium in the environment, and both can serve as electron acceptors for many microorganisms, including some phototrophic bacteria. These organisms are widespread and exhibit enormous metabolic and ecological diversity, and some are known to be able to use selenium oxyanions in their anaerobic metabolism (12,13,14,24). Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a purple nonsulfur bacterium that often serves as a model species for the group. It can tolerate high concentrations of selenite and selenate (13,14) and can reduce and/or methylate these compounds (24).Recent work with phototrophic bacteria has shown that some can grow in the presence of 0.1, 1.0, even 10 mM selenate or selenite. Though growth rates were somewhat decreased, five phototrophic species grown on Sistrom minimal medium were shown to exhibit overall stationary-phase biomass production similar to that of controls. Methylated organosulfur, organoselenium, and dimethyl selenenyl sulfide have been detected in anaerobic culture headspace, and elemental Se was produced in some cultures (13,21,23). This reduction to the elemental form may be an important process in the biosphere, since soils from an evaporation pond in the Kesterson Reservoir show that, nearest the surface, Se 0 is the most prominent selenium species (16).Although it is relatively clear that phototrophic bacteria can grow in the presence of selenium oxyanions and that small amounts are reduced and/or methylated, little is known of the extent and path of this process. Here we report the results of quantifying and speciating selenium in the culture medium, the bacteria, and the gaseous headspace above the culture after R. sphaeroides was grown phototrophically in the presence of different concentrations of selenite and selenate to stationary phase. Cell supernatants were analyzed for total selenium using inductively co...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Fate of Selenate and Selenite Metabolized by Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Fleet-Stalder

Chasteen

Pickering

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…As proposed by Challenger, the biomethylation of selenium and tellurium follows the same mechanism as arsenic but, in general, studies investigating these processes are rather rare (16,22,38). Mercury biomethylation, on the other hand, has been studied in more detail because of poisonings by methylmercury compounds (4,8,29,33).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Following the pioneering work of Gosio (23) and Challenger et al (6,7), the mechanism for the biomethylation of arsenic has been studied extensively with various fungi (10,15), bacteria (3), archaea (3,30), and mammals (1,38,41), including humans (13). As proposed by Challenger, the biomethylation of selenium and tellurium follows the same mechanism as arsenic but, in general, studies investigating these processes are rather rare (16,22,38).…”

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Production of Volatile Derivatives of Metal(loid)s by Microflora Involved in Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge

Michalke¹,

Wickenheiser

Mehring³

et al. 2000

Appl Environ Microbiol

193

136

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Gases released from anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities contain considerable amounts of volatile methyl and hydride derivatives of metals and metalloids, such as arsine (AsH 3 ), monomethylarsine, dimethylarsine, trimethylarsine, trimethylbismuth (TMBi), elemental mercury (Hg 0 ), trimethylstibine, dimethyltellurium, and tetramethyltin. Most of these compounds could be shown to be produced by pure cultures of microorganisms which are representatives of the anaerobic sewage sludge microflora, i.e., methanogenic archaea (Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum), sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio vulgaris, D. gigas), and a peptolytic bacterium (Clostridium collagenovorans). Additionally, dimethylselenium and dimethyldiselenium could be detected in the headspace of most of the pure cultures. This is the first report of the production of TMBi, stibine, monomethylstibine, and dimethylstibine by a pure culture of M. formicicum.Volatile methyl and hydride derivatives of metal(loid)s are found in gases released from natural environments such as sediments, wetlands (40), and hydrothermal springs (26), as well as from anthropogenic environments such as wastewater treatment plants and waste deposits (18). Some of the compounds are of anthropogenic origin, for example, alkylated tin and lead derivatives, whereas others are produced in environmental settings either due to chemical transalkylation or due to biologically mediated methylation and hydride formation (the addition of a formal hydride ion mediated by an organism) (11,36). The production of volatile metal(loid) compounds is a significant part of the biogeochemical cycles of metals (e.g., Bi, Hg, and Sn) and metalloids (e.g., As, Sb, Se, and Te) because of the increased mobility of the resultant compounds. Additionally, most of the volatile derivatives exhibit higher toxicity than their inorganic counterparts, since organic derivatives are lipophilic and are thus more biologically active (35,36). Exceptions are arsenic and selenium, in which cases the inorganic, nonmethylated forms are more toxic than the methylated derivatives (14).Following the pioneering work of Gosio (23) and Challenger et al. (6, 7), the mechanism for the biomethylation of arsenic has been studied extensively with various fungi (10, 15), bacteria (3), archaea (3, 30), and mammals (1, 38, 41), including humans (13). As proposed by Challenger, the biomethylation of selenium and tellurium follows the same mechanism as arsenic but, in general, studies investigating these processes are rather rare (16,22,38). Mercury biomethylation, on the other hand, has been studied in more detail because of poisonings by methylmercury compounds (4,8,29,33). Although stibine has been implicated as a cause in sudden infant death syndrome (31), up to now, only trimethylantimony was detected as a biovolatilization product of antimony in the headspace of soil samples (24) and of pure cultures of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (12,27). The biomethylation of inorg...

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Production of dimethyl telluride and elemental tellurium by bacteria amended with tellurite or tellurate

Basnayake

Bius

Akpolat

et al. 2001

Applied Organom Chemis

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether a facultative anaerobe, Pseudomonas fluorescens K27, would produce dimethyl telluride when anaerobic cultures were amended with differing concentrations of sodium tellurate and/or sodium tellurite and how that volatile organotellurium production varied over time. Batch bacterial bioreactor experiments were undertaken in order to observe the changes in the headspace of a growth medium solution inoculated with P. fluorescens and amended with tellurium salts. Gas samples were taken from the bioreactor every hour and were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using fluorineinduced chemiluminescence detection to determine compounds in the headspace. Liquid samples were analyzed by spectrophotometer to determine optical densities, which were used as an indicator of cell growth. Verification of the identity of the dimethyl telluride produced in the bacterial headspace above a tellurate-amended culture was achieved by comparison with the chromatographic retention time of an authentic (CH 3 ) 2 Te standard and by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry. The time course production of dimethyl telluride varied with amendment salts' tellurium oxidation states and concentrations. Increasing tellurate concentrations caused slower bacterial growth, but those cultures reached the stationary phase sooner than cultures amended with tellurite concentrations 10 or 100 times less. Black elemental tellurium

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Using fluorine-induced chemiluminescence to detect organo-metalloids the headspace of phototrophic bacterial cultures amended with selenium and tellurium

Cited by 24 publications

References 54 publications

Fate of Selenate and Selenite Metabolized by Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Fate of Selenate and Selenite Metabolized by Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Production of Volatile Derivatives of Metal(loid)s by Microflora Involved in Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge

Production of dimethyl telluride and elemental tellurium by bacteria amended with tellurite or tellurate

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