Using foliar nitrogen application during veraison to improve the flavor components of grape and wine

Abstract

Nitrogen is involved in the winemaking process from grapevine growth to wine fermentation, and its precise utilization in vineyards can regulate grape and wine quality. Foliar nitrogen application during veraison (FNAV) could prevent nitrogen deficiency in grape and must in nitrogen‐deficient vineyards. Moreover, FNAV also could improve certain flavor components of grape and wine, but little attention has been paid to FNAV. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the difficulties encountered in current applications of nitrogen in vineyards and wineries, and the advantages of FNAV over the addition of nitrogen in soil and wineries. And it discusses that FNAV can increase yeast‐assimilable nitrogen and phenolics, and scarcely affect volatile components of grape (must and wine), and points out the existing problems including the core issue and then puts forward future research directions. This information may indicate future directions for research, and provide a reference for viticulturists and winemakers on the precise application of nitrogen on grapevine and must to further improve grape and wine quality in nitrogen‐deficient vineyards. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Nutrient Management Effects on Wine Grape Tissue Nutrient Content

“…Bavaresco et al [49] also documented split applications of foliar urea during the growing season increased YAN compared to a single N application. The results of our foliar N experiments concur with many other recent studies documenting foliar N was effective in increasing diverse flavonoid contents in grapes and wines from N deficient vineyards [50][51][52][53].…”

Could foliar applications of methyl jasmonate and methyl jasmonate + urea improve must grape aroma composition?

“…29 Garde-Cerdán et al 17 described an increase in ⊎-ionone and a decrease on (Z)-⊎-damascenone when compared with control grapes, with the lowest dose of Ur applied. Cheng et al 14 described in their work that foliar nitrogen application during veraison did not have a negative effect on volatile content in grapes. However, Garde-Cerdán et al 3 observed that MeJ foliar application produced grapes with lower ⊎-damascenone and did not affect the ⊎-ionone content, when compared with control grapes, but these effects changed with the season, since, in the other year of the study, MeJ treatment did not affect total C 13 -norisoprenoids content.…”

“…Furthermore, nitrogen foliar application has been studied to improve certain grape components related with its quality, such as phenolic and volatile compounds. 14 Nitrogen is an important compound in grapes since nitrogen participates in the processes from grapevine growth to wine fermentation and its use in vineyard can improve grape and wine quality. In fact, urea (Ur) has been thoroughly studied due to its physico-chemical characteristics, owing its high water solubility and small molecular size.…”

Seaweeds in viticulture: a review focused on grape quality

“…This energy balance is dominated by the first Fick's Law of diffusion (Figure 1). Stomata may represent the main pathway for N absorption since they do not present a waxy layer and its waxy cuticle has different degrees of polarity resulting in an efficacious N transmission compared to leaf cuticle (Norms and Bukovac, 1968;Leece, 1976;Cheng et al, 2020). Grapevines leaves have a greater number of stomata on their abaxial side than on the adaxial one (Rogiers et al, 2011).…”