Using gas chromatography to characterize a direct coal liquefaction naphtha

Omais, Badaoui; Courtiade, Marion; Charon, Nadège; Roullet, Christophe; Ponthus, Jérémie; Thiébaut, Didier

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.017

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Most of the ketones and carboxylic acids are revealed for the first time in DCL products. As demonstrated in Figure 14, in a subsequent work, they also found that paraffins, naphthenes, arenes, phenols, and alcohols in the naphtha cut (same as the above one) and a gasoil cut (boiling point 200-350˚C) can be clearly separated by using GC Â GC-TOFMS with Solgelwax Â Rtx-200 columns (Omais et al, 2012(Omais et al, , 2013. Nevertheless, ketones and furans cannot be well separated from aromatics.…”

Section: B Hydrocarbons and Oxygen-containing Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…As shown in Figure 1, advanced analytical techniques used in characterizing CDLs can be generally classified into "non-mass spectrometry" techniques and "mass spectrometry (MS)" techniques. The commonly used non-mass spectrometry techniques for the characterization of CDLs include mainly Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry (Seshadri, Young, & Cronauer, 1985;White et al, 1988;Guillen et al, 1992;Wang et al, 2011;Shui et al, 2013;Qin et al, 2015), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, including 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR) spectrometry (Seshadri, Young, & Cronauer, 1985;White et al, 1988;Erdmann, Mohan, & Verkade, 1996;Murata et al, 2001;Omais et al, 2010Omais et al, , 2013Wang et al, 2014d), liquid chromatography (LC) or highperformance LC (HPLC) (McKinney et al, 1995;Erdmann, Mohan, & Verkade, 1996;Padlo, Subramanian, & Kugler, 1996;Dıez et al, 2002;Omais et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2012), and gas chromatography (GC) or two-dimensional GC (GC Â GC) (Murti et al, 2002(Murti et al, , 2005Omais et al, 2010Omais et al, , 2011Omais et al, , 2012Omais et al, , 2013Koolen et al, 2015). However, because of their respective disadvantages, these analytical techniques cannot fully meet the requirements for detail compositional characterization of CDLs.…”

Section: B Analytical Techniques Used For CDL Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Afterwards, Omais et al () applied a combination of GC‐TOFMS, GC × GC‐FID, and GC × GC‐TOFMS for the identification and quantification of hydrocarbons and OCCs in a naphtha cut (boiling point 30–200 °C) from DCL. GC‐TOFMS analysis detects only a few OCCs in the naphtha, such as ketones, alcohols, and phenols, while GC × GC‐TOFMS (column configuration: Solgelwax × DB‐1) reveals more than a hundred OCCs in the naphtha and the OCCs can be classified into phenols, alcohols (alkanols and cycloalkanols), furans, ketones (alkanones and cycloalkanones), and carboxylic acids.…”

Section: Application Of Gc × Gc‐tofms In Analysis Of Cdlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, ketones and furans cannot be well separated from aromatics. In Omais' investigations (Omais et al, , , ), GC × GC‐FID has been used for the quantitative analysis of hydrocarbons and OCCs in DCL products using the average response factors of different group components to FID. The detailed identification and quantification of these hydrocarbon and OCCs are essential to convert the liquid products into clean fuels or value‐added chemicals and understand DCL process.…”

Section: Application Of Gc × Gc‐tofms In Analysis Of Cdlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Liu

Fan

Wei

et al. 2016

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Coal-derived liquids (CDLs) are primarily generated from pyrolysis, carbonization, gasification, direct liquefaction, low-temperature extraction, thermal dissolution, and mild oxidation. CDLs are important feedstocks for producing value-added chemicals and clean liquid fuels as well as high performance carbon materials. Accordingly, the compositional characterization of chemicals in CDLs at the molecular level with advanced analytical techniques is significant for the efficient utilization of CDLs. Although reviews on advancements have been rarely reported, great progress has been achieved in this area by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), two-dimensional GC-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). This review focuses on characterizing hydrocarbon, oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing, and halogen-containing chemicals in various CDLs with these three mass spectrometry techniques. Small molecular (< 500 u), volatile and semi-volatile, and less polar chemicals in CDLs have been identified with GC/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS. By equipped with two-dimensional GC, GC × GC-TOFMS can achieve a clearly chromatographic separation of complex chemicals in CDLs without prior fractionation, and thus can overcome the disadvantages of co-elution and serious peak overlap in GC/MS analysis, providing much more compositional information. With ultrahigh resolving power and mass accuracy, FT-ICR MS reveals a huge number of compositionally distinct compounds assigned to various chemical classes in CDLs. It shows excellent performance in resolving and characterizing higher-molecular, less volatile, and polar chemicals that cannot be detected by GC/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS. The application of GC × GC-TOFMS and FT-ICR MS to chemical characterization of CDLs is not as prevalent as that of petroleum and largely remains to be developed in many respects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:543-579, 2017.

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Section: B Hydrocarbons and Oxygen-containing Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: B Analytical Techniques Used For CDL Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Gc × Gc‐tofms In Analysis Of Cdlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Gc × Gc‐tofms In Analysis Of Cdlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Liu

Fan

Wei

et al. 2016

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To overcome the co-elution and improve sensitivity, a heartcutting and comprehensive two-dimensional system (GC ×GC) is complemented with non-polar ×polar columns, the separation property was improved and a clear classification based on the visual inspection of the contour plots was provided [131] . Lots of literatures emphasized qualitative and quantitative analysis of N-containing compounds in asphaltenes by GC ×GC-NCD/NPD, but with unsatisfactory "roof-tile effect" [132] .…”

Section: Gas Chromatograph (Gc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asphaltenes: Separations, structural analysis and applications

Zuo

Shen

2019

Journal of Energy Chemistry

132

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Ionic liquids as stationary phases in gas chromatography—an LSER investigation of six commercial phases and some applications

Weber

Andersson

2014

Anal Bioanal Chem

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The separation properties of six novel stationary phases for gas chromatography, commercially available from Sigma-Aldrich (Supelco) and based on ionic liquids (ILs), were investigated. The linear solvation energy relationship model (LSER) was used to describe the molecular interactions between these stationary phases and 30 solutes. The solutes belong to different groups of compounds, like haloalkanes, alcohols, ketones, aromatics, aliphatics, and others. A good description of different interactions, as described by the LSER model, could be achieved. The calculated values of system constants for the ionic liquid phases were compared with constants of commonly used standard phases like a 5 % phenyl/95 % dimethyl siloxane and a polyethylene glycol phase. The solute descriptors are in good agreement with those found by previous authors who have used the LSER model for 44 different ionic liquids as stationary phase. The experiments were carried out at two temperatures to evaluate the influence on the phase parameters and separation characteristics. The interactions of different functional groups with the IL phases are discussed. These novel IL phases are a promising replacement of or an addition to common polar phases. Based on the evaluated phase properties, several possibilities for applications of these novel phases are shown.

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Using gas chromatography to characterize a direct coal liquefaction naphtha

Cited by 31 publications

References 29 publications

Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal‐derived liquids

Asphaltenes: Separations, structural analysis and applications

Ionic liquids as stationary phases in gas chromatography—an LSER investigation of six commercial phases and some applications

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