Using General Practice Patient Survey data to explore prevalence and patient uncertainty about Long Covid

Abstract

Background: The high global burden of Long Covid (LC) has significant implications for population wellbeing, healthcare, social care and national economies. Aim: To explore associations between patient sociodemographic and health characteristics with two outcomes: reporting having LC and expressing uncertainty about having LC, as described by general practice (GP) survey respondents. Design and setting: Analysis of GP Patient Survey (England), a random sample of 759,149 patients aged 16yrs+ registered with a GP in England (2023). Method: Multivariable logistic regression modelling comparing those with and without LC, and those who were unsure in relation to patient characteristics. Results: 4.8% of respondents reported having LC, and 9.1% were unsure. Significant adjusted associations indicating higher risk of LC included age (highest odds 35-54yrs), sex (females), ethnicity (White Gypsy/Irish Traveller, mixed/multiple ethnic groups), sexual orientation (gay/lesbian or bisexual), living in a deprived area, being a carer or a parent and having a long-term condition (LTC). Those aged 25yrs and under, males, non-binary, heterosexual, not parents or carers, from other white, Indian, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Black or Arab backgrounds, former and current smokers, and with no defined LTC were more likely to be unsure about having LC compared to answering "yes". Conclusion: There is an unequal distribution of LC in England, with the condition being more prevalent in minoritised and disadvantaged groups. There are also high levels of uncertainty about having LC. Improved awareness is needed amongst the general population and healthcare professionals to ensure those most vulnerable in society are identified and provided with care and support.