“…In testing the hypotheses, we controlled for age, gender and work experience (years) in all analyses. These variables were controlled because demographic variables are related to levels of civility norms (see, e.g., Walsh et al, 2012), job calling (see, e.g., Xie, Xia, Xin, & Zhou, 2016;Xie, Zhou, Huang, & Xia, 2017) and customer-directed CWB (see, e.g., Penney & Spector, 2005;Sakurai & Jex, 2012;Skarlicki, van Jaarsveld, Shao, Song, & Wang, 2016).…”