Using graph theory to analyze the vulnerability of process plants in the context of cascading effects

Khakzad, Nima; Reniers, Genserik

doi:10.1016/j.ress.2015.04.015

Cited by 121 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…, indicating the outperformance of Case 1 in reducing the out‐closeness of the graph and thus in decreasing the vulnerability of the storage plant to domino effects . Not only is this result in agreement with the work of Khakzad and Reniers regarding the importance of the fireproofing of installations with the highest C b (T1 and T3 in this example), but it also goes one step further by demonstrating the influence of the active protection of installations with the highest C c‐out (T1 in this example) on the vulnerability of the plant.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Among the nodes of a graph, the nodes with relatively higher betweenness scores lie along a larger fraction of paths within the graph, thus their removal (or isolation) from the graph can cause large disconnection . The closeness of a node,

C_{normalc} false(v_{i} false)

, can be defined as the number of steps needed to reach every other node of the graph from

v_{i}

—also known as out‐closeness

C_{c - out} false(v_{i} false)

—or to access

v_{i}

from every other node of the graph—also known as in‐closeness

C_{c - in} false(v_{i} false)

C_{c - out} (v_{i}) = \frac{1}{\sum_{j} d_{italicij}}

C_{c - in} (v_{i}) = \frac{1}{\sum_{j} d_{j i}}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Likewise, the installations with higher C b scores facilitate the propagation of a primary event or an ongoing domino effect better than those with lower C b scores. It was also ascertained that among similar chemical plants—similar both in terms of the number of identical MHIs and the amount of contained chemicals—the plant with the highest graph‐level out‐closeness score is more susceptible to domino effects …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(47,48) Nevertheless, an optimal allocation of add-on safety measures with regard to their performance has never been dealt with in the context of domino effects. This constitutes a relevant research task to improve the vulnerability, robustness, and resilience profile of industrial facilities against domino effect propagation, (35,(49)(50)(51) which still needs to be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Application of Graph Theory to Cost‐Effective Fire Protection of Chemical Plants During Domino Effects

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present study, we have introduced a methodology based on graph theory and multicriteria decision analysis for cost‐effective fire protection of chemical plants subject to fire‐induced domino effects. By modeling domino effects in chemical plants as a directed graph, the graph centrality measures such as out‐closeness and betweenness scores can be used to identify the installations playing a key role in initiating and propagating potential domino effects. It is demonstrated that active fire protection of installations with the highest out‐closeness score and passive fire protection of installations with the highest betweenness score are the most effective strategies for reducing the vulnerability of chemical plants to fire‐induced domino effects. We have employed a dynamic graph analysis to investigate the impact of both the availability and the degradation of fire protection measures over time on the vulnerability of chemical plants. The results obtained from the graph analysis can further be prioritized using multicriteria decision analysis techniques such as the method of reference point to find the most cost‐effective fire protection strategy.

show abstract

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 87%

C_{normalc} false(v_{i} false)

, can be defined as the number of steps needed to reach every other node of the graph from

v_{i}

—also known as out‐closeness

C_{c - out} false(v_{i} false)

—or to access

v_{i}

from every other node of the graph—also known as in‐closeness

C_{c - in} false(v_{i} false)

C_{c - out} (v_{i}) = \frac{1}{\sum_{j} d_{italicij}}

C_{c - in} (v_{i}) = \frac{1}{\sum_{j} d_{j i}}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Application of Graph Theory to Cost‐Effective Fire Protection of Chemical Plants During Domino Effects

2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, recent studies dedicated to the determination of escalation probabilities (Cozzani and Salzano, 2004;Cozzani et al, 2005Cozzani et al, , 2006Landucci et al, 2009Landucci et al, , 2015 along with the development of advanced mathematical and probabilistic methods such as Monte Carlo simulation (Abdolhamidzadeh et al, 2010), Bayesian networks (Khakzad et al, 2013;Khakzad, 2015;Khakzad and Reniers, 2015a), graph theory (Khakzad and Reniers, 2015b), and event sequence diagrams Due to the importance of domino effects from either a safety or security perspective, in the present study a bibliometric analysis of attempts devoted to the description, management, modeling and risk assessment of domino effects in the chemical industry over the past decades was carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed publications on domino effects in the process industry

Reniers

Cozzani

et al. 2017

Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optimization of firefighting strategies in process plants with emphasis on domino effects and safe evacuation

Khakzad,

Chen,

Reniers

et al. 2023

Can J Chem Eng

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effective firefighting and evacuation are integral parts of emergency response plans in process plants, which play a key role in protecting human lives and assets in the event of major fires. Given sufficient firefighting resources, firefighters would suppress all the burning vessels and cool off all the exposed vessels in order to contain the fire and prevent a fire‐induced domino effect. However, when the number of critical units—whether on fire or exposed to fire—exceeds the firefighting resources, firefighters should decide how to optimally allocate the resources so as to best satisfy the safety goals. To facilitate such decisions, the present work aims to develop a methodology for effective firefighting under insufficient resources. The methodology seeks out two safety goals via optimal firefighting strategies: (1) providing for the safety of evacuees, and (2) reducing the risk of domino effects. Although both safety goals are attempted to be satisfied at the same time, a higher priority is assigned to the first goal as long as the evacuation is underway. When the evacuation is complete, all the resources are focused on the second goal. The study shows that a multi‐objective optimization approach to identifying firefighting plans outdoes single‐objective optimization approaches in that several safety goals could be met at once. Although only two safety goals are considered in the present study, the methodology is flexible enough to accommodate several goals such as safety of offsite people and assets.

show abstract

Using graph theory to analyze the vulnerability of process plants in the context of cascading effects

Cited by 121 publications

References 29 publications

Application of Graph Theory to Cost‐Effective Fire Protection of Chemical Plants During Domino Effects

Application of Graph Theory to Cost‐Effective Fire Protection of Chemical Plants During Domino Effects

A bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed publications on domino effects in the process industry

Optimization of firefighting strategies in process plants with emphasis on domino effects and safe evacuation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About