Using high-resolution short-term location data to describe territoriality in Pacific martens

Moriarty, Katie M.; Linnell, Mark A.; Chasco, Brandon E.; Epps, Clinton W.; Zielinski, William J.

doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyx014

Cited by 24 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…If the site was no longer occupied, then the animal was no longer present to be detected (Valente et al ). We do not expect this to be the case based on recent marten surveys with telemetry information, which indicated high fidelity of both social structure and movement (e.g., Moriarty et al , Linnell et al ). Second, martens either failed to perceive or actively avoided the station after it was moved 25 m. Support for either hypothesis would introduce bias into interpretation of occupancy models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A remote camera site initially consisted of 2 stations: 1 baited station and 1 trail station, randomly located 50–200 m from an access road or trail. To minimize spatial dependence, each site was separated by a minimum of 750 m (approximate radius of an average female home range; Moriarty et al ). At each baited station, we randomized the 2 factors of interest: 1) bait type and 2) bait and camera height.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeking efficiency with carnivore survey methods: A case study with elusive martens

et al. 2018

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Obtaining reliable information on species distributions is often the first step in conservation. Distribution information can be used to focus survey efforts to estimate population size and examine drivers of occupancy or other population parameters. We compared detection rates and survey costs for 2 techniques (remote cameras and scent detection teams) used to evaluate distribution of a rare carnivore, Humboldt subspecies of Pacific marten (Martes caurina humboldtensis). We used remote cameras at randomly placed sites in coastal Oregon, USA, to compare camera set type (baited, unbaited), bait height (<0.5 m, 1.37 m), and bait types (chicken and lure, cat food) for a 21‐day survey period during winter (27 Jan–12 Apr) and summer (04 Jul–14 Oct) 2015. When a marten was detected, we completed an additional survey within 25 m. Scent detection teams (human handler and dog) performed area‐constrained searches for scat deposited. We used a Bayesian occupancy model to compare detection probabilities for baited camera treatments. We detected martens at 26 sites, and offset stations detected martens at 15 of 24 sites (62.5%). Survey‐level detection probability for martens (the probability of detecting ≥1 marten during a survey) was high for the camera survey during summer and winter (estimates ranged from 60% to 99% and 33% to 82%, respectively), and similar for all treatments. We surveyed 50 sites with both remote cameras and scent detection teams 25 April–25 May 2015. Of 33 sites with ≥1 marten detection, 36.4% of units had a marten detected only by scent detection teams, 30.3% only by remote camera, and 33.3% by both techniques. When the objective was marten detection, survey costs were less for scent detection teams. For identifying individual martens and their sex, cameras paired with hair snares were more cost‐efficient. Scent detection teams provided a complementary method to baited remote cameras for assessing distribution. Using multiple techniques provided an opportunity to quantify limitations of survey methods. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeking efficiency with carnivore survey methods: A case study with elusive martens

et al. 2018

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“…Unlike other small-bodied mammals, martens do not accumulate circannual somatic stores or hibernate to mediate winter conditions; rather, martens actively forage for prey throughout the winter to support their high metabolic rate (Buskirk and Harlow 1989, Drew and Bissonette 1997, Gilbert et al 2009). Further, relative to other carnivores, martens move great distances to acquire prey and defend territories (Goszczyński 1986, Moriarty et al 2017) while simultaneously avoiding predators and competitors, like bobcats Lynx rufus, fishers Pekania pennanti, and raptors (Bull and Heater 2001). Indeed, the activity patterns of martens appear to generally be driven by the activity patterns of their prey, predators or competitors (Zielinski et al 1983, Drew andBissonette 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest structure and snow depth alter the movement patterns and subsequent expenditures of a forest carnivore, the Pacific marten

Martin

Moriarty

Pauli

2019

Oikos

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Energetic balance is central to the survival and persistence of free‐ranging animals. Quantifying expenditures and identifying factors that drive energetics informs our understanding of species' ecology and their responses to shifting environmental conditions. Approaches used to estimate energetic expenditures of free‐ranging species, such as doubly‐labelled water (DLW), are precise but difficult to implement. Global positioning system (GPS) collars and accelerometers have emerged as alternatives for estimating expenditures, but these techniques have few applications in terrestrial species and no applications in small‐bodied (<5 kg) terrestrial animals. Here, we estimated movement characteristics and field metabolic rates (FMR) of Pacific martens Martes caurina, a small‐bodied carnivore with relatively high energetic costs, in a heterogeneous landscape to explore the role of movement and landscape characteristics in energetics. We concurrently used DLW and GPS collars to investigate the relationship between movement characteristics and FMR. Movement velocity explained the greatest amount of variation in mass‐specific FMR and we used this relationship to predict expenditures of previously collared martens. We found that predicted mass‐specific FMR was highest among males and increased in open patches primarily as a result of increased velocity and more erratic movements. Additionally, martens moving through deep snow also exhibited increased FMR. Our work shows movement metrics can effectively explain variation in FMR and identify landscape features, like forest structure and snow depth, that influence movements with cascading effects on energetics for free‐ranging mammals in rapidly changing systems.

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“…We live-trapped and radio-marked Pacific martens from October to December 2015 using traps spaced approximately 1 km apart using methods described in Moriarty et al (2017) and Mortenson & Moriarty (2015). We fit adult martens (i.e.…”

Section: Territory Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We only used VHF locations where the variance of x and y was < 400 m determined with Location of a Signal Ecological Software Solutions LLC. We estimated individual marten space-use, which we refer to as the territory because these areas were traversed within one week, exclusively used, and apparently defended against conspecifics of the same sex (Moriarty et al 2017). We used the t-LoCoH package in R to estimate 99% LoCoH territories (i.e., discarding 1% of the furthest dispersed points; Lyons et al 2013).…”

Section: Territory Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 1: Bayesian Modeling and Example Code

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Pacific martens (Martes caurina) in coastal forests of Oregon and northern California in the United States are rare and geographically isolated, prompting a petition for listing under the Endangered Species Act. If listed, regulations have the potential to substantially influence land-use decisions and forestry on public and private lands, but no estimates of population size, density, and viability of remnant marten populations are available for evaluating their conservation status. We used GPS telemetry, territory mapping, and spatial mark-recapture to estimate population size and density within the current extent of Pacific martens in central Oregon, within coastal forest in the Oregon dunes national recreational area. We then estimated population viability at differing levels of humancaused mortality (e.g. roadkill). We estimated 63 adult martens (95% Credible Interval: 58-73) and 73 (range: 46-91) potential territories across two subpopulations separated by a large barrier (Umpqua River). Marten density was 1.02 per km 2 , the highest reported in North America. Using population viability analysis, extinction risk for a subpopulation of 30 martens ranged from 34% to 100% with two or more annual human-caused mortalities. Absent broad-scale restoration of forest to conditions which support marten populations, limiting human-caused mortalities would likely have the greatest conservation impact.

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Using high-resolution short-term location data to describe territoriality in Pacific martens

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Seeking efficiency with carnivore survey methods: A case study with elusive martens

Seeking efficiency with carnivore survey methods: A case study with elusive martens

Forest structure and snow depth alter the movement patterns and subsequent expenditures of a forest carnivore, the Pacific marten

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