Using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to construct shear-wave velocity profiles

Ginkel, Janneke van; Ruigrok, Elmer; Herber, Rien

doi:10.5194/se-11-2015-2020

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Local earthquake recordings in boreholes over a range of depth levels show that the largest amplification occurs in the top 50 meters of the sedimentary cover, although the entire sediment layer has a thickness of around 800 m in this region. Furthermore, van Ginkel et al (2019) showed existence of a the correlation between the spatial distribution of microtremor horizontal-to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) peak amplitudes and the measured earthquake amplification. This observation is in accordance with e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Various studies (van Ginkel et al, 2019;Kruiver et al, 2017a, b;Bommer et al, 2017;Noorlandt et al, 2018) undertaken in the Groningen area concluded that unconsolidated sediments were responsible for significant amplification of seismic waves over a range of frequencies pertinent to engineering interest. Although the local earthquake magnitudes are relatively small, the damage on the houses can be significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rodriguez-Marek et al (2017); Bommer et al (2017); Kruiver et al (2017a); Noorlandt et al (2018)) were performed on ground-motion modeling including the site amplification factor for the Groningen region, which forms an excellent study area due to the permanently operating borehole seismic network (G-network). Here, earthquake recordings and ambient noise measurements, together with detailed subsurface information form an elaborate dataset to study wave propagation in the shallow subsurface (van Ginkel et al, 2019). Local earthquake recordings in boreholes over a range of depth levels show that the largest amplification occurs in the top 50 meters of the sedimentary cover, although the entire sediment layer has a thickness of around 800 m in this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Our study, we first select the Groningen borehole network where a detailed information on subsurface lithology, numerous earthquake ground-motion recordings as well as ambient seismic noise recordings are available. From this we extract empirical relationships between seismic wave amplification and different lithostratigraphic conditions, building upon the proxies defined in van Ginkel et al (2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The HVSR peak amplitude cannot be treated as the actual site amplification factor, but can serve as a qualitative estimate (Field and Jacob, 1995;Lachetl and Bard, 1994;Lermo and Chavez-Garcia, 1993). In this study we focus on the second peak (≥ 1 Hz) in the HVSR curve which represents the shallow interface of soft sediments on top of more consolidated sediments instead of the resonance of the complete sediment layer as discussed in van Ginkel et al (2020). This second amplification peak has shown to play a more important role for seismic site-response at frequencies relevant to engineering interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a country-wide seismic site-response zonation map for the Netherlands

Ginkel

Ruigrok

Stafleu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Earthquake site-response is an essential part of seismic hazard assessment, especially in densely populated areas. The shallow geology of the Netherlands consists of a very heterogeneous soft sediment cover, which has a strong effect on seismic wave propagation and in particular on the amplitude of ground shaking, resulting in significant damage on structures despite the fact that the events are of small magnitude. Even though it is a low-to-moderate seismicity area, the seismic risk cannot be neglected, in particular, because shallow induced earthquakes occur. The aim of this study is to establish a nationwide site-response zonation by using the lithostratigraphy, earthquake- and ambient vibration recordings. In the first step, we constrain the parameters (velocity contrast and shear-wave velocity) that are indicative of ground-motion amplification in the Groningen area. For this, we combine ambient vibration and earthquake recordings using resp. the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method (HVSR), borehole empirical transfer functions (ETFs) and amplification factors (AFs). This enables us to define an empirical relationship between measured earthquake amplification from the ETF and AF, and amplification estimated with the HVSR derived from the ambient seismic field. Therewith, we show that the HVSR can be used as a first proxy for amplification. Subsequently, HVSR curves throughout the Netherlands are estimated. The resulting peak amplitudes largely coincide with the in-situ lithostratigraphic sequences and the presence of a strong velocity contrast in the near-surface. Next, sediment profiles representing the Dutch shallow subsurface are categorized into five classes, where each class is representing a level of expected amplification. The mean amplification for each class, and its variability, is quantified using 66 sites with measured earthquake amplification (ETF and AF) and 115 sites with HVSR curves. The site-response (amplification) zonation map for the Netherlands is designed by transforming published geological 3D grid cell models into the five classes and an AF is assigned to most of the classes. This presented site-response assessment on a national scale is important for a first identification of regions with increased seismic hazard potential, for example at locations with mining or geothermal energy activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Development of a country-wide seismic site-response zonation map for the Netherlands

Ginkel

Ruigrok

Stafleu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

The improvement of the earthquake and microseismic Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) in estimating site effects

et al. 2021

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Empirical H/V spectral ratios at the InSight landing site and implications for the martian subsurface structure

Carrasco

Knapmeyer‐Endrun

Margerin

et al. 2022

Geophysical Journal International

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Summary The H/V spectral ratio inversion is a traditional technique for deriving the local subsurface structure on Earth. We calculated the H/V from the ambient vibrations at different wind levels at the InSight landing site, on Mars, and also computed the H/V from the S-wave coda of the martian seismic events (marsquakes). Different H/V curves were obtained for different wind periods and from the marsquakes. From the ambient vibrations, the recordings during low-wind periods are close to the instrument self-noise level. During high-wind periods, the seismic recordings are highly contaminated by the interaction of the lander with the wind and the martian ground. Therefore, these recordings are less favorable for traditional H/V analysis. Instead, the recordings of the S-wave coda of marsquakes were preferred to derive the characteristic H/V curve of this site between 0.4 and 10 Hz. The final H/V curve presents a characteristic trough at 2.4 Hz and a strong peak at 8 Hz. Using a full diffuse wavefield approach as the forward computation and the Neighbourhood Algorithm as the sampling technique, we invert for the 1D shear-wave velocity structure at the InSight landing site. Based on our inversion results, we propose a strong site effect at the InSight site to be due to the presence of a shallow high-velocity layer (SHVL) over low-velocity units. The SHVL is likely placed below a layer of coarse blocky ejecta and can be associated with Early Amazonian basaltic lava flows. The units below the SHVL have lower velocities, possibly related to a Late Hesperian or Early Amazonian epoch with a different magmatic regime and/or a greater impact rate and more extensive weathering. An extremely weak buried low velocity layer (bLVL) between these lava flows explains the data around the 2.4 Hz trough, whereas a more competent bLVL would not generate this latter feature. These subsurface models are in good agreement with results from hammering experiment and compliance measurements at the InSight landing site. Finally, this site effect is revealed only by seismic events data and explains the larger horizontal than vertical ground-motion recorded for certain type of marsquakes.

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Using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to construct shear-wave velocity profiles

Cited by 11 publications

References 56 publications

Development of a country-wide seismic site-response zonation map for the Netherlands

Development of a country-wide seismic site-response zonation map for the Netherlands

The improvement of the earthquake and microseismic Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) in estimating site effects

Empirical H/V spectral ratios at the InSight landing site and implications for the martian subsurface structure

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