Using Household Surveys to Assess Missed Opportunities for Simultaneous Vaccination: Longitudinal Examples from Colombia and Nigeria

Rhoda, Dale A.; Prier, Mary L.; Clary, Caitlin B.; Trimner, Mary Kay; Velandia-González, Martha; Danovaro-Holliday, M. Carolina; Cutts, Felicity

doi:10.3390/vaccines9070795

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A missed opportunity for simultaneous vaccination (MOSV) occurs when a child has contact with the health system and receives at least one vaccine dose but does not receive all the doses for which s/he is eligible. 18,19 Findings from our survey reflected that MOSVs occurred in 17.6% of vaccination visits across the provinces. 10 Of the 218,002 vaccination visits documented on home-based vaccination records in the provinces, the child did not have a MOSV on 82.4% of visits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Routine Immunization Coverage and Immunization Card Retention in Pakistan: Results From a Cross-sectional National Survey

Hussain

Khan

Rhoda³

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Immunization is one of the most successful public health interventions available, saving millions of lives from death and disability each year. Therefore, improving immunization coverage is a high priority for the Government of Pakistan and essential to progress toward universal health coverage. This survey reports the national and provincial/regional coverage and determinants of fully, partially, and not-vaccinated children 12–23 months of age, antigen-wise coverage, percentage of home-based vaccination records (HBR) retention, and reasons for nonretention; dropout, timeliness, and prevalence of missed opportunities for simultaneous vaccination (MOSV). Methods: The survey was a descriptive cross-sectional national household survey carried out across Pakistan. The survey included 110,790 children 12–23 months old and their caregivers. A World Health Organization (WHO)—Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Survey questionnaire was adapted to collect information. Data were analyzed using the WHO Vaccination Coverage Quality Indicators (VCQI) software and Stata version 17. Results: Nationally excluding Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit Baltistan (GB), the coverage of fully vaccinated children was 76.5%. The likelihood of being fully vaccinated was higher among children of educated parents who belonged to higher wealth quintiles and resided in any province/region other than Balochistan. The main reasons for unimmunization were no faith in immunization, rumors about vaccines, and distance to the facility. About two-thirds (66.2%) of the children had their HBR available, and the main reasons for not having a card were never visiting a health facility and having no awareness about the importance of a card. Dropout was discernible for later doses of vaccines compared with earlier ones. Higher proportions of children received the last doses late by more than two months. Of the 218,002 vaccination visits documented on HBR in the provinces, MOSVs occurred in 17.6% of the visits. Conclusion: The immunization coverage rates provide a direction to strategize the progress to improve the vaccination rates in Pakistan. The country needs to outline the immediate and long-term actions to combat vaccine-preventable diseases, such as escalating integrated immunization campaigns and outreach activities, provision of mobility support, and deploying behavioral interventions as a cross-cutting strategy to improve awareness and reduce misconceptions.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Routine Immunization Coverage and Immunization Card Retention in Pakistan: Results From a Cross-sectional National Survey

Hussain

Khan

Rhoda³

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, the study could not establish causal relationships due to the cross-sectional sampling design. Secondly, our study did not comprehensively assess all the factors that could affect vaccination coverage, particularly attitudes towards vaccination and supply-side factors such as vaccine and health worker availability and missed opportunities for vaccination [ 64 ] due to data limitations. Some important covariates such as antenatal care, postnatal care, and mother’s receipt of tetanus toxoid injections before birth were excluded from the analysis because they had > 15% missing data for MV, but these would likely correlate with skilled birth attendance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilevel analysis of predictors of multiple indicators of childhood vaccination in Nigeria

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Substantial inequalities exist in childhood vaccination coverage levels. To increase vaccine uptake, factors that predict vaccination coverage in children should be identified and addressed. Methods Using data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and geospatial data sets, we fitted Bayesian multilevel binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to analyse independent predictors of three vaccination outcomes: receipt of the first dose of Pentavalent vaccine (containing diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, Hemophilus influenzae type B and Hepatitis B vaccines) (PENTA1) (n = 6059) and receipt of the third dose having received the first (PENTA3/1) (n = 3937) in children aged 12–23 months, and receipt of measles vaccine (MV) (n = 11839) among children aged 12–35 months. Results Factors associated with vaccination were broadly similar for documented versus recall evidence of vaccination. Based on any evidence of vaccination, we found that health card/document ownership, receipt of vitamin A and maternal educational level were significantly associated with each outcome. Although the coverage of each vaccine dose was higher in urban than rural areas, urban residence was not significant in multivariable analyses that included travel time. Indicators relating to socio-economic status, as well as ethnic group, skilled birth attendance, lower travel time to the nearest health facility and problems seeking health care were significantly associated with both PENTA1 and MV. Maternal religion was related to PENTA1 and PENTA3/1 and maternal age related to MV and PENTA3/1; other significant variables were associated with one outcome each. Substantial residual community level variances in different strata were observed in the fitted models for each outcome. Conclusion Our analysis has highlighted socio-demographic and health care access factors that affect not only beginning but completing the vaccination series in Nigeria. Other factors not measured by the DHS such as health service quality and community attitudes should also be investigated and addressed to tackle inequities in coverage.

show abstract

“…Second, the vaccines and resources required to achieve herd immunity should be assessed [ 38 , 44 ]. Third, vaccination access must be increased in countries and regions with low percentages of COVID-19 vaccination coverage [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Fourth, effective communication strategies should be developed to reduce vaccination hesitance [ 48 , 49 ] and increase vaccination confidence and acceptance [ 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percentages of Vaccination Coverage Required to Establish Herd Immunity against SARS-CoV-2

Plans-Rubió

2022

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The pandemic associated with SARS-CoV-2 is a worldwide public health challenge. The WHO has proposed to achieve 70% COVID-19 vaccination coverage in all countries by mid-2022. Nevertheless, the prevention strategy based on COVID-19 vaccination and other applied prevention measures has not been sufficient to prevent SARS-CoV-2 epidemic waves. This study assessed the vaccination coverage that would be required to establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, taking into account virus transmissibility (Ro values from 1.1 to 10) and COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness. The study found that high percentages of vaccination coverage and high levels of vaccination effectiveness are necessary to block the transmission of Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants with greater infectious capacity. COVID-19 vaccination programs could establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, with Ro values ranging from 3 to 10 and levels of COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness of 70–100%. Factors reducing COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness (emergent variants, infections among vaccinated individuals, high risk individuals) and factors increasing SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility (close settings) increased the percentages of vaccination coverage that would be required to establish herd immunity. Two measures should be implemented to establish herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2: (1) achieve ≥90% COVID-19 vaccination coverage in all countries worldwide, and (2) increase the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing Omicron infection to at least 88%.

show abstract

Using Household Surveys to Assess Missed Opportunities for Simultaneous Vaccination: Longitudinal Examples from Colombia and Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Routine Immunization Coverage and Immunization Card Retention in Pakistan: Results From a Cross-sectional National Survey

Routine Immunization Coverage and Immunization Card Retention in Pakistan: Results From a Cross-sectional National Survey

Multilevel analysis of predictors of multiple indicators of childhood vaccination in Nigeria

Percentages of Vaccination Coverage Required to Establish Herd Immunity against SARS-CoV-2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About